Cruise Report  ONR Japan/East Sea

Hydrographic survey

R/V Revelle HNRO7  24 June 1999 – 17 July 1999

November 1999; CTD updated April 2006

Table of contents

A. Cruise narrative                                                                                                          
A.1. Highlights: Expedition; Chief Scientist; Ship; Ports of Call; Cruise dates                          
A.2. Cruise summary and cruise track                                                                                 
A.3. Narrative                                                                                                                
A.4. Interlaboratory comparisons of chemistry methods                                                         
A.5. List of principal investigators                                                                                    
A.6. Cruise participants                                                                                       
B. Description of measurement techniques and calibration                                                       
B.1. CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth): Carl Mattson and Mary Johnson (SIO/ODF)             
B.2. Salinity analyses: Carl Mattson (SIO/ODF)                                                                  
B.3. Oxygen water sample analyses: Carl Mattson and Ron Patrick (SIO/ODF)                          
B.4. Nutrient analyses: Carl Mattson and Doug Masten (SIO/ODF)                                         
B.5. Chlorofluorocarbon measurements: Mark Warner and DongHa Min (UW)                           
B.6. Alkalinity and pH: Dong-Jin Kang (SNU) and Pavel Tischenko (POI)                                
B.7. Noble Gas and Tritium Sampling: Clare Postlethwaite (SOC)                                          
B.8. Oxygen Isotope Sampling: Clare Postlethwaite (SOC)                                                    
B.9. Other SNU sampling (helium, tritium, D-14, Del 18O, SF6): Dong-Jin Kang (SNU)                       
B.10. Underway pCO2 measurements: Dong-Jin Kang, Doshik Hahm (SNU)                
B.10.a. pCO2 measurements                                                                                 
B.10.b. Thermosalinograph measurements                                                                           
B.10.c. Underway chlorophyll sampling                                                                              
B.11. Acoustic doppler current profiling (ADCP): Lynne Talley (SIO)                                      
B.11.a. Lowered ADCP                                                                                                   
B.11.b. Underway ADCP                                                                                                 
B.12. Meteorology: R/V Revelle (Talley; SIO)                                                                    
B.13. Navigation: R/V Revelle (Talley; SIO)                                                                                   
B.14. Bathymetry: R/V Revelle (Talley; SIO)                                              
B.15. Video Plankton Recorder (VPR): Carin Ashjian (WHOI)                                                
B.16. Plankton net tows: Carin Ashjian and Cabell Davis (WHOI)                                          
B.17. Bio-optical studies: Greg Mitchell (SIO)                                                                     
C. Distribution of data and samples to groups other than originating principal investigators         

Appendix A: CTD data quality comments                                                                            

Appendix B: Bottle data quality comments                                                   

A. Cruise narrative

A.1. Highlights

a. Expedition
HNRO7 (Expedition Hahnaro Leg 7)

b. Chief Scientist
Lynne D. Talley
Scripps Institution of Oceanography 0230
La Jolla, CA 92093-0230 USA
ltalley@ucsd.edu

c. Ship
R/V Revelle, Captain David Murline

d. Ports of Call
Pusan, Korea

e. Cruise dates
24 June 1999 - 17 July 1999

A.2. Cruise summary

a. Cruise track (Fig. A.1)



 

Link to list of events, from ship's officers, with all station (CTD, optical, net tow) and VPR towing times.

Station locations and times in WOCE Hydrographic Programme format.  (Link is to complete file; Table is compressed with some information removed, and in  small font)

JES SUMMER 99 (TALLEY)  RV REVELLE HNRO LEG 7

 SHIP/CRUISE                    UTC            POSITION                 UNC HT ABOVE METER NO.OF              

 EXPOCODE STNNBR CASTNO DATE   TIME CODE LATITUDE    LONGITUDE   NAV  DEPTH BOTTOM   WHEEL BOTTL  PARAM      COMMENTS

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 33RRHNRO/7  001   01   062499 1255  BO   35 21.0  N 129 33.0  E GPS   120    8       110    8    1-8,20,24,26,27,53        CTD#3

 33RRHNRO/7  002   01   062499 1608  BO   35 11.8  N 129 44.2  E GPS   140    6       130    9    1-8,20,24,26,27,53        CTD#3

 33RRHNRO/7  003   01   062499 1846  BO   35 00.5  N 129 58.7  E GPS   133    8       125    9    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#3

 33RRHNRO/7  004   01   062499 2119  BO   34 49.9  N 130 11.9  E GPS   124    6       124    9    1-10,15,17,20,24,26,27,53 CTD#3

 33RRHNRO/7  005   01   062499 2358  BO   34 40.0  N 130 26.1  E GPS   131    7       122   10    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#3

 33RRHNRO/7  006   02   062599 0303  BO   34 30.2  N 130 39.0  E GPS   118   18       100   17    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#3

 33RRHNRO/7  007   01   062599 0439  BO   34 25.55 N 130 43.88 E GPS    96    8        85    8    1-6,24,26                 CTD#3

 33RRHNRO/7  008   01   062599 1317  BO   35 50.05 N 129 38.04 E GPS   122    6       113   11    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#3

 33RRHNRO/7  009   02   062599 1714  BO   35 50.3  N 129 51.4  E GPS   995    8       987   20    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  010   01   062599 2303  BO   35 52.06 N 130 34.0  E GPS  1393    5      1360   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,53    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  011   02   062699 0430  BO   35 57.5  N 131 14.99 E GPS  1253    6      1220   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  012   02   062699 1020  BO   36 02.98 N 131 55.79 E GPS  1157    8      1128   20    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  013   01   062699 1436  BO   36 12.   N 132 27.6  E GPS  1074    7      1045   19    1-10,15,17,20,24,26,27    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  014   01   062699 1739  BO   36 00.2  N 132 31.8  E GPS   269    7       258    9    1-8,20,24,26,27,53        CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  015   01   062699 2100  BO   35 40.12 N 132 45.   E GPS   132    8       128    8    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  016   02   062799 0332  BO   36 40.33 N 132 30.03 E GPS  1120    7      1187   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  017   02   062799 0948  BO   36 35.4  N 131 50.1  E GPS  1834    7      1790   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  018   01   062799 1457  BO   36 30.3  N 131 14.0  E GPS  2051    7      2007   24    1-8,20,24,26,27,53        CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  019   01   062799 2015  BO   36 30.25 N 130 37.38 E GPS  2033    5      1992   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  020   02   062899 0117  BO   36 30.29 N 130 02.99 E GPS  1380    6      1335   23    1-8,20,24,26,27           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  021   01   062899 0330  BO   36 30.03 N 129 50.2  E GPS   329    8       320   12    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  022   01   062899 0506  BO   36 30.1  N 129 40.4  E GPS   118    7       112   14    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  023   01   062899 0832  BO   37 03.4  N 129 42.3  E GPS   298    7       289    9    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,53    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  024   01   062899 1027  BO   37 03.4  N 129 56.4  E GPS  1010    6       989   19    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  025   01   062899 1303  BO   37 03.4  N 130 18.7  E GPS  2200    7      2159   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  026   01   062899 1858  BO   37 03.45 N 130 56.18 E GPS  2207    6      2170   24    1-10,12,15,17,20,24,26,27,53 #5

 33RRHNRO/7  027   01   062999 0105  BO   37 03.4  N 131 41.0  E GPS  2170    7      2117   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  028   02   062999 0757  BO   37 09.9  N 132 26.6  E GPS   775    8       755   21    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  029   01   062999 1121  BO   37 33.4  N 132 30.   E GPS  1670   10      1655   21    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  030   01   062999 1648  BO   37 33.2  N 131 50.1  E GPS  2376    4      2329   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,53    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  031   01   062999 2112  BO   37 18.0  N 131 38.0  E GPS  2230    6      2192   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  032   01   063099 0021  BO   37 25.0  N 131 25.0  E GPS  2240    8      2200   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  033   02   063099 0401  BO   37 33.2  N 131 14.5  E GPS  2167    7      -9     24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  034   02   063099 1059  BO   37 33.3  N 130 21.2  E GPS  1599    8      -9     22    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  035   01   063099 1532  BO   37 33.3  N 129 45.3  E GPS  1062    7      1038   19    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  036   01   063099 1800  BO   37 33.0  N 129 30.2  E GPS   570    6       568   16    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  037   01   063099 2006  BO   37 33.0  N 129 16.0  E GPS   227    6       220   15    1-8,20,24,26,27           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  038   01   063099 2324  BO   38 01.0  N 128 53.0  E GPS   501    6       485   18    1-10,15,17,24,26,27       CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  039   01   070199 0117  BO   38 01.0  N 128 56.8  E GPS  1077    7      1040   16    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  040   02   070199 0439  BO   38 01.5  N 129 11.8  E GPS  1154    6      -9     24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  041   01   070199 0905  BO   37 53.7  N 129 44.1  E GPS  1626    7      1619   24    1-8,20,24,26,27           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  042   01   070199 1402  BO   37 57.   N 130 25.   E GPS  1845    7      1838   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  043   01   070199 1832  BO   37 49.9  N 130 58.3  E GPS  1250    7      1319   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  044   01   070299 0151  BO   37 50.0  N 132 00.0  E GPS  2636    7      2595   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  045   02   070299 0842  BO   37 53.8  N 132 41.8  E GPS  2530    7      2487   24    1-10,15,17,20,24,26,27    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  046   01   070299 1321  BO   38 05.   N 133 15.   E GPS  1756    8      1748   23    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  047   01   070299 1707  BO   38 14.8  N 133 44.4  E GPS   934    6       907   18    1-10,15,17,20,24,26,27,53 CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  048   01   070299 2123  BO   38 35.0  N 133 53.0  E GPS  1359    8      1327   23    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  049   01   070399 0037  BO   38 55.0  N 134 00.0  E GPS   744    6       730   20    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  050   02   070399 0512  BO   39 15.8  N 133 59.9  E GPS  2114    8      2074   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,53    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  051   01   070399 0848  BO   39 44.7  N 134 00.0  E GPS  1004    7       982   18    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  052   01   070399 1113  BO   39 50.   N 134 00.   E GPS   560    8       543   15    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  053   01   070399 1319  BO   40 00.   N 134 00.   E GPS  1033    8       999   19    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  054   01   070399 1530  BO   40 09.8  N 134 00.1  E GPS  1132   10      1090   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  055   01   070399 1820  BO   40 19.9  N 133 59.9  E GPS  2452    6      2435   22    1-8,20,24,26,27           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  056   01   070399 2136  BO   40 30.0  N 134 00.0  E GPS  3140    6      3095   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  057   01   070499 0155  BO   40 50.0  N 134 00.0  E GPS  3530    7      3487   24    1-10,12,15,17,20,24,26,27 CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  058   01   070499 1322  BO   41 10.   N 136 20.   E GPS  3450    8      3405   24    1-10,15,17,20,24,26,27,53 CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  059   01   070499 1909  BO   40 40.2  N 136 20.0  E GPS  3217    7      3175   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  060   01   070499 2252  BO   40 25.0  N 136 20.0  E GPS  2900    7      2900   24    1-8,20,24,26,27,53        CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  061   02   070599 0250  BO   40 10.0  N 136 20.0  E GPS  1773    7      1735   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  062   02   070599 0601  BO   40 00.1  N 136 20.1  E GPS  1783    7      1749   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  063   01   070599 0948  BO   39 44.1  N 136 37.8  E GPS  2214    8      2168   22    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  064   01   070599 1506  BO   39 23.   N 136 59.   E GPS  2522    7      2476   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,53    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  065   01   070599 2018  BO   39 02.2  N 137 21.1  E GPS  2274    7      2242   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  066   01   070599 2358  BO   38 48.0  N 137 36.0  E GPS  2178    7      2153   24    1-8,20,24,26,27           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  067   02   070699 0436  BO   38 31.   N 137 58.8  E GPS  1905    8      1862   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,53    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  068   02   070699 0929  BO   38 14.6  N 138 10.5  E GPS  1356    7      1313   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  069   01   070699 1106  BO   38 11.   N 138 14.3  E GPS   280    7       262   14    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  070   01   070699 2157  BO   36 40.0  N 136 15.0  E GPS   222    8       222   18    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  071   02   070799 0209  BO   36 55.1  N 135 53.9  E GPS   626    6       615   21    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  072   01   070799 0549  BO   37 11.   N 135 32.1  E GPS  1739    8      1702   24    1-8,20,24,26,27           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  073   01   070799 1043  BO   37 29.1  N 135 06.   E GPS  2933    8      2890   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  074   01   070799 1539  BO   37 48.0  N 134 40.9  E GPS  2983    6      2942   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27       CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  075   01   070799 2024  BO   38 06.1  N 134 14.9  E GPS   473    7       464   16    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  076   01   070899 0306  BO   38 21.   N 135 13.   E GPS  3005    8      2964   23    1-10,12,15,17,20,24,26,27 CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  077   02   070899 1053  BO   38 38.   N 136 00.   E GPS  2725    6      2682   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,53    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  078   01   070899 1558  BO   38 59.1  N 136 27.0  E GPS  2658    7      2615   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  079   01   070999 0043  BO   39 42.0  N 137 29.0  E GPS  2586    7      2548   24    1-8,20,24,26,27           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  080   02   070999 0720  BO   39 59.8  N 138 00.1  E GPS  2420    8      2378   24    1-10,15,17,20,24,26,27,53 CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  081   01   070999 1149  BO   40 00.   N 138 32.   E GPS  2272    8      2226   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  082   01   070999 1548  BO   40 00.1  N 138 59.8  E GPS  1974    6      1940   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  083   01   070999 1846  BO   40 00.0  N 139 15.8  E GPS  1635    6      1610   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  084   01   070999 2118  BO   40 00.0  N 139 32.5  E GPS   972    7       958   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  085   01   070999 2252  BO   40 00.0  N 139 37.1  E GPS   315    7       358   22    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  086   01   071099 0453  BO   40 51.   N 140 10.9  E GPS    64    8        58    7    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  087   02   071099 0627  BO   40 56.9  N 140 08.1  E GPS   119    7       116   13    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  088   01   071099 0739  BO   41 03.9  N 140 06.1  E GPS   152    7       148    8    1-10,15,17,20,24,26,27,53 CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  089   01   071099 0855  BO   41 11.   N 140 03.2  E GPS   121    7       120    8    1-10,15,17,20,24,26,27    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  090   01   071099 1001  BO   41 17.   N 139 59.9  E GPS   160    8       158    8    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  091   01   071099 1115  BO   41 24.   N 139 57.   E GPS   120    8       115    8    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,53    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  092   01   071099 2048  BO   40 30.0  N 138 00.0  E GPS  3328    7      3280   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  093   01   071199 0209  BO   41 00.0  N 138 00.0  E GPS  3675    7      3630   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27       CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  094   02   071199 0909  BO   41 29.9  N 138 00.   E GPS  3693    9      3646   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,53    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  095   01   071199 1443  BO   41 59.7  N 138 00.4  E GPS  3685    8      3647   24    1-10,12,15,17,20,24,26,27 CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  096   01   071199 1938  BO   42 00.0  N 138 24.9  E GPS  3696    8      3648   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,55    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  097   01   071199 2353  BO   42 00.0  N 138 50.0  E GPS  3618    4      3585   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  098   02   071299 0429  BO   42 00.   N 139 08.   E GPS  3333    9      3283   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  099   02   071299 0750  BO   42 00.   N 139 15.8  E GPS  2405   10      2350   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  100   01   071299 1004  BO   42 00.   N 139 22.8  E GPS  1111    8      1104   21    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  101   01   071299 1307  BO   42 00.   N 139 44.9  E GPS  1206    8      1170   20    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  102   01   071299 1435  BO   42 04.5  N 139 52.3  E GPS   136    8       133   10    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  103   01   071299 1943  BO   42 52.0  N 140 10.0  E GPS   124    5       121   14    1-10,15,17,24,26,27,53    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  104   01   071299 2152  BO   42 59.6  N 139 59.5  E GPS  1340    6      1317   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  105   01   071399 0004  BO   43 04.0  N 139 53.0  E GPS  2189    7      2119   24    1-8,20,24,26,27           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  106   02   071399 0500  BO   43 18.1  N 139 33.   E GPS  2596    8      2582   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  107   01   071399 0910  BO   43 32.1  N 139 12.1  E GPS  3213    8      3170   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27       CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  108   01   071399 1340  BO   43 47.   N 138 50.   E GPS  3474    8      3426   24    1-8,12,24,26,27           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  109   01   071399 1800  BO   43 59.9  N 138 30.1  E GPS  3173    6      3126   24    1-10,15,17,20,24,26,27    CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  110   02   071499 0645  BO   42 19.9  N 137 04.9  E GPS  3681    9      3626   24    1-8,24,26,27              CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  111   01   071499 1130  BO   42 10.1  N 137 30.9  E GPS  3680    8      3632   24    1-10,15,17,24,26,27       CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  112   01   071499 2133  BO   41 40.0  N 137 10.0  E GPS  3637    8      3580   24    1-8,24,26,27,53           CTD#5

 33RRHNRO/7  113   01   071599 0420  BO   40 56.0  N 136 11.7  E GPS  3394   -9       800   24    1                         CTD#3

 

 

b. Station sampling
113 CTD/24-bottle rosette stations; 112 stations included LADCP
(2156 bottles tripped)
Water sampling to the bottom for temperature, salinity, oxygen, transmissometer, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, nitrite, CFC's, pH, alkalinity, C14, del18O, helium, tritium, argon, neon. Surface sampling at selected station locations for delta-C13, phytoplankton growth rates and calcite. Average depth of cast: 2500 m.
37 Bio-optical casts
15 Net tows near the surface

c. Underway sampling

towed VPR (Video Plankton Recorder), with planktonic taxonomic type and abundance, temperature, conductivity, fluorescence, light attenuation and PAR yoyoing to 80 meters depth once or twice between CTD stations.
pCO2
surface temperature and salinity
Seabeam center beam bathymetry
Knudsen echo sounder bathymetry
ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling)
meteorology

d. Floats and drifters
2 Minimet surface drifters
2 Profiling ALACE floats ballasted to 800 meters

A.3. Narrative

The R/V Revelle departed Pusan, Korea on June 24, 1999 at 1600 in good weather and returned on July 17. This was the seventh leg of the Hahnaro (HNRO) expedition. Generally calm to moderate seas throughout the cruise. Air temperature was in the 16-22 C range. There was occasional rain. Three separate sampling programs were aboard: CTD/rosette/chemistry, bio-optics, and VPR (Video Plankton Recorder). The cruise leg covered the Korean and Japanese sectors of the Japan/East Sea. The purposes of the cruise leg were to map the water properties and geostrophic circulation of the Japan/East Sea from top to bottom, the bio-optical properties, and the plankton distribution. The water properties and circulation of the Russian sector were measured in a companion cruise on the Khromov, following the Revelle leg.

CTD/rosette station sampling was to the bottom at each of the 112 stations. Most stations were separated by 10 to 30 nautical miles. The station pattern covered most of the southern and eastern Japan/East Sea. One station near Dok Do was abandoned because the local Korean patrol was not aware of our clearance to work. One extra station (113) to 800 m was made on the return to Pusan in order to test the CTD which will be the backup CTD on the Khromov. On most stations, 24 samples were collected from top to bottom. Maximum bottle spacing in the deep waers was 250 meters with some exceptions. Most sampling in the upper waters was based on the many features in the CTD salinity and oxygen and the transmissometer. An altimeter on the CTD/rosette frame was used for the bottom approach on most stations. A pinger on the CTD/rosette frame was used for several stations. A lowered acoustic doppler current profiler was used on every station.

The VPR was towed between most station pairs except for the longer steams between sections. On most days two separate casts for bio-optics were made. At these stations, extra samples for bio-optical properties were often collected from near-surface rosette bottles from the CTD cast.

A plankton net tow was done at 15 stations.

A.4. Interlaboratory comparisons of chemistry methods

Alkalinity and pH: A comparison of alkalinity and pH methods between the Seoul National University group under Kyung-Ryul Kim (Dong-Jin Kang aboard the Revelle) and the Pacific Oceanological Institute group under Pavel Tishchenko was carried out during the cruise. POI sampling for pH and alkalinity was at every station. SNU sampling was at 15 stations for comparison of methods. The results of the comparison are included in section B.6.c.

CFC: Samples for CFCs were collected in glass ampoules for analysis at the UW laboratory and comparison with analyses carried out on the Revelle. All CFC sampling on the Khromov will be using these glass ampoules.

 

A.5. List of principal investigators

  1. Lynne Talley: Temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients (CTD and rosette): SIO/UCSD
  2. Lynne Talley and Peter Hacker: Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling: SIO/UCSD and U. Hawaii
  3. Lynne Talley: Shipmounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiling: SIO/UCSD
  4. Steve Riser: Subsurface PALACE floats: UW
  5. Dong-Kyu Lee and Peter Niiler: Minimet surface drifters: Pusan University and SIO/UCSD
  6. Pavel Tischenko: Alkalinity, pH: POI
  7. Kyung-Ryul Kim: Alkalinity, pH: SNU
  8. Kyung-Ryul Kim: Carbon 14: SNU
  9. Kyung-Ryul Kim: Delta 18O: SNU
  10. William Jenkins: Delta 18O: SOC
  11. Mark Warner: Chlorofluorocarbons: UW
  12. William Jenkins: Helium-3, tritium, neon, argon, krypton: SOC
  13. Kyung-Ryul Kim: Surface pCO2, T, S, chlorophyll, (pN2O): SNU
  14. Clive Dorman and Robert Beardsley: Shipbased meteorological measurements (WHOI ASIMET): SIO/UCSD and WHOI
  15. Greg Mitchell: Bio-optical profiles: SIO/UCSD
  16. Greg Mitchell: Water particle size, absorption, pigments: SIO/UCSD
  17. Carin Ashjian: Towed video plankton recorder and temperature/salinity: WHOI
  18. Carin Ashjian: Plankton net tows: WHOI

A.6. Cruise participants

  1. Lynne Talley (SIO) - Chief scientist - ltalley@ucsd.edu
  2. David Newton (SIO) - Programmer, LADCP, deck watch - dnewton@ucsd.edu
  3. Carl Mattson (SIO/ODF) - ODF Tech-in-Charge/Electronics/Deck watch - cmattson@ucsd.edu
  4. Doug Masten (SIO/ODF) - Nutrient analyst/data processing - dmasten@ucsd.edu
  5. Ron Patrick (SIO/ODF) - Oxygen/Bottle data - rpatrick@ucsd.edu
  6. Alexander Nedashkovskiy (POI) - Nutrients
  7. Sergey Sagalaev (POI) - Oxygen
  8. Joe Martin (SIO) - Salinity, deck watch, underway ADCP - jmartin@ucsd.edu
  9. Michael Gorelkin (FERHRI) - Salinity
  10. Igor Titov (FERHRI) - Electronics, Deck watch
  11. Vladimir Luchin (FERHRI) - CTD/rosette operations, CTD console - hydromet@online.ru
  12. Nikolay Rykov (FERHRI) - CTD/rosette operations
  13. Vladimir Kraynev (FERHRI) - CTD/rosette operations
  14. Igor Zhabin (POI) - CTD/hydrographic data management, software, processing,deck
  15. Vladimir Ponamarev (POI)- CTD/hydrographic data management, software, processing
  16. Pavel Tischenko (POI) - POI chemistry head, CO2 (pH by EMF)
  17. Ruslan Chichkin (POI) - CO2 (pH by EMF)
  18. Dong-Jin Kang (SNU) - underway chemistry, CO2 (pH by spectro.)
  19. Doshik Hahm (SNU) - CO2 (pH by spectro.)
  20. Elena Ilyina (POI) - CO2 (Alkalinity)
  21. Maria Shvetsova (POI) - CO2 (Alkalinity)
  22. Mark Warner (UW) - CFC
  23. DongHa Min (UW) - CFC
  24. Clare Postlethwaite (SOC) - helium, tritium, neon, argon
  25. Carin Ashjian (WHOI) - VPR
  26. Cabell Davis (WHOI) - VPR
  27. Larry Costello (WHOI) - VPR
  28. Philip Alatalo (WHOI) - VPR
  29. Andrew Girard (WHOI) - VPR
  30. Gregory McGrath (WHOI) - VPR
  31. Greg Mitchell (SIO) - Bio-optics
  32. John Wieland (SIO) - Bio-optics
  33. Sergei Zakharkov (POI) - Bio-optics
  34. Jeong-Eon Moon (KORDI) - Bio-optics
  35. Dan Jacobson (SIO) - Revelle computer technician
  36. Tammy Koonce (SIO) - Revelle resident marine technician, Deck Watch

Institution acronyms

1.     FERHRHI - Far-Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Vladivostok, Russia

2.     SOC - Southampton Oceanograpy Centre, Southampton, UK

3.     KORDI - Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Seoul, Korea

4.     POI - Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia

5.     SIO - Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA

6.     SIO/ODF - SIO Oceanographic Data Facility

7.     SNU - Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

8.     UW - University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

9.     WHOI - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA

B. Description of measurement techniques and calibration

B.1. CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth): (SIO/ODF)

B.1.1 Shipboard CTD report: Carl Mattson (SIO/ODF)

 

CTD data were recorded on IBM PC's. Digital backups were made on CDROMS and Zip disks. Analog backups were made on VCR cassettes.

CTDs used:
NBIS Model MKIII ODF CTD#3 stations 1-8, 9 (cast 1), 113
NBIS Model MKIII ODF CTD#5 stations 9 (cast 2)-112

The rosette consisted of:

NBIS MKIIIB CTD s/n 01-1095 (ODF ctd#3) sta 1-8, 113
NBIS MKIIIB CTD s/n 01-1070 (ODF ctd#5) sta 9-112
Sensormedics Oxygen Sensor s/n 6-12-07 sta 1-108
Sensormedics Oxygen Sensor s/n 6-12-08 sta 109
Sensormedics Oxygen Sensor s/n 6-02-08 sta 110-113
FSI OTM s/n 1322 sta 113
STS 24 bottle rosette frame
24pl Seabird pylon model SBE32 s/n 3212613-0164
Seabird Temperature Sensor SBE35 s/n 3516590-0011
SIO made Bullister style 10 liter bottles
Benthos Pinger model 2216 s/n 1275
Simrad Altimeter model 807 s/n 0711090
STS Battery Pack for Altimeter
RDI LADCP CS-150KHZ s/n 1546
LADCP Battery Pack
Wetlabs Cstar 25cm transmissometer c/n CST-244DB
Wetlabs Cstar 25cm transmissometer c/n CST-245DB

Comments:

CTD#3:

Conductivity sensor failed during Sta 9 cast 1.
Ctd#3 was replaced by CTD#5 prior to sta 9 cast 2.
FSI OTM #1322 was the second temp sensor on sta 113
The conductivity sensor drifted again on sta 113.

CTD#5:

CTD #5 has dual sensors mounted on twin turrets - two identical Temperature channels and two identical conductivity channels. CTD sensors soaked in distilled water between all casts.
Swapped sensor pair in config file starting sta 59.
PRT#2 and COND#2 were the most stable sensor pair so these were used in onboard data processing operations for both CTD and bottle data reports.
PRT#1 (after about sta92) was observed to jump about 0.0008 deg on casts greater that 3200M. It was usually observed on the upcasts coming through about 3300M then jumped back to overlap downcast trace when it comes back up - around 3000M. Could be a digital bit sticking in that channel (bit #5?).
Cond#1 sensor has a pressure effect on deep casts and will require a pressure fit correction.

Bottles:

10L Bullister style, SIO manufactured.
Bottles serial numbered 1-24 corresponded to the pylon tripping sequence 1-24 with the first bottle tripped being bottle #1.
Bottles serial numbered 1-24 were used on all casts.

Thermometers:

The SBE35 Ref temp sensor data was recorded on all bottle trips.
No DSRT's

CTD oxygen:

Oxygen data interfaced with the CTD and incorporated into the CTD data stream using a:
Sensormedics Oxygen Sensor s/n 6-12-07 sta 1-108
Sensormedics Oxygen Sensor s/n 6-12-08 sta 109
Sensormedics Oxygen Sensor s/n 6-02-08 sta 110-113

Transmissometer:

Wetlabs Cstar 25cm (Blue) Transmissometer c/n CST-244DB
Wetlabs Cstar 25cm (RED) Transmissometer c/n CST-245DB

Winches:

Forward Markey CTD winch used on all casts
No wire or winch problems throughout the cruise.

Station-Cast number assignments:

Cast numbers were assigned between the CTD and the Bio-Optical profiler depending on which was deployed first. Station 9 was the only station that the CTD was deployed on two casts.

B.1.2. CTDO (conductivity-temperature-depth-oxygen) final calibrations: Mary C. Johnson (SIO/ODF)

General comments.  These HNRO7 CTD data are final.  Calibrations have been carefully checked, using overlays of deep theta-salinity profiles plus surface salinity and sigma theta plots vs. pressure.  The missing data from some of the steeper thermoclines have been interpolated; all interpolated/extrapolated data are quality-coded 6.  Oxygen corrections from the preliminary data sent in 1999 have been applied here as a courtesy; all CTD oxygen data are coded 1 (uncalibrated).

The CTD-5 secondary T/C sensors were used as the "better" pair; both sensor pairs had significant noise on their upcasts.  The numerous offsets and higher noise level on the T1/C1 downcasts outweighed the down/up "split" seen on the T2/C2 pair: upcast salinity data were typically 0 to -0.001 PSU vs downcasts below the thermocline on this leg.  The calibrated downcast CTD data appear to be consistent, and the bottle salinity data were fairly well centered over the CTD data on the deep theta-salinity plots.

CTD-3 was used for the first 8 casts, then CTD-5 (with dual T/C sensors) was used for stations 9-112.  A new C sensor was installed and tested during station 113.  This new sensor had a large + drift with time on both down and up casts.  Its calibration was brought into the realm of probability by applying an extra S(P**2) correction to the downcast salinity, based on comparison of "final" corrected salinity to the upcast bottle data.

Comments on individual station problems are found in Appendix A.

Detailed calibration comments:

HNRO7 CTD Configurations:

 

   NBIS MKIIIB CTD: s/n 01-1095 (ODF CTD#3) sta 1-8,9/1,113

      Pressure s/n 77011

      T1 s/n 15778 (T1 apparently has a long response time of 1+ seconds)

      T2 NOT PRESENT stas 1-9/1

      T2 FSI OTM s/n 1322 sta 113

      C1 s/n O17 - cracked/failed sta 9/1 at 270mwo

      C1 s/n NEW/UNKNOWN - sta 113/TEST, big + drift

      C2 NONE

  

   NBIS MKIIIB CTD: s/n 01-1070 (ODF CTD#5) sta 9/2-112

      Pressure s/n 77017

      Dual T/C Sensors mounted on twin turrets:

      T1 s/n 15407 (sta.92: T1 jumps abt. +0.001 3300m down/back 3000m up)

      C1 s/n O16 (Prs. effect on deep casts, requires a C(P) corrxn).

      T2 s/n 17534

      C2 s/n O24

  

   Dual Wetlabs Cstar 25cm transmissometers - only on CTD-5 casts

      (Blue) c/n CST-244DB

      (RED)  c/n CST-245DB

  

   Sensormedics Oxygen Sensors:

      O2 s/n 6-12-07 sta 1-108 ("new O2 sensor" sta.2 COLog)

      O2 s/n 6-12-08 sta 109 ("new sensor offscale 2020db down")

      O2 s/n 6-02-08 sta 110-113

  

   Seabird Temperature Sensor SBE35 s/n 3516590-0011

 

 

CTD Sensor Calibrations:

 

   CTD-3:

      Pressure Sensor s/n 77011 (Paine):

        P Calibs:

            May 1999 -  0.09/29.88 deg.C bath to 6080/1191 db

            Dec.1999 -  0.04/26.93/30.93 deg.C bath to 6080/1191/1191 db

        cold cals: shifted -1.25 db from pre- to post-cruise calibration

        warm cals: shifted -1.3+ db from pre- to post-cruise calibration

        Correction used:  pre-cruise P calib with 0.65 offset

            (in effect, averaging the two calibs)

 

      Temperature Sensor s/n 15778 (Rosemount PRT):

        T Calibs: May 1999/June 1999/Dec.1999

          (June 1999 was only a 2-point cal to re-check Tcal)

          large/~0.18 deg.C slope from 0-30 deg.C

          cold end fairly similar pre- to post-cruise

          warm drops ~0.015 deg.C change?  (Hard to tell with steep slope)

        Correction used:  equally weighted May + Dec. 1999 Tcals

          (same #pts at each level, same # of levels) - then averaged

       

      Conductivity Sensor s/n O17 (GO):  stations 1-8

        Calibrated to bottle salts taken during cruise.

        Stations 1-7 were off by themselves across a channel at the

            south end of the cruise track.  Station 8 was between

            the coast and station 9.  All 8 casts were less than

            140 db in depth, so a simple offset was applied to

            Conductivity in 4 groups of 1-3 casts.  The bottle-CTD

            differences were extremely inconsistent, as typical

            for shallow casts with high gradients.  The most

            weight was given to lowest-gradient areas; residual

            salinity differences have at least 2 near-0 values

            for all but station 1.  Station 1 was offset the same

            as station 2, based on past experience with the slow

            drift typically seen over the first few casts a

            conductivity sensor is used.

           

      Conductivity Sensor s/n UNKNOWN (GO?):  station 113

        Calibrated to bottle salts taken during cruise.

        This sensor had a large + Conductivity drift with time during

            the cast, and it was only used once.  The upcast data

            were noisy, but needed for values reported with bottle

            data.  The down cast data clearly required a different

            correction than the up cast.

        1. A first-order dC(C) slope based on bottle-CTD (up cast)

            differences was determined, then applied to both down

            and up cast CTD data.

        2. Residual bottle-CTD (down cast) Salinity differences were

            visually grabbed from a theta-salinity plot.  A

            second-order pressure-dependent fit (dS(P**2)) was

            generated and applied separately for down and up casts.

            These fits were applied IN ADDITION TO the dC(C) slope

            determined in step 1.

        3. A deep Theta-Salinity overlay of stations 113, 58 and 59

            was checked for consistency.  Station 113 was positioned

            between stations 58 and 59.

 

   CTD-5:

      Pressure Sensor s/n 77017 (Paine):

        P Calibs:

            May 1999 -  0.075/29.695 deg.C bath to 6080/1191 db

            Oct.1999 -  0.1/28.85 deg.C bath to 6080/1191 db

        cold cal: shifted -0.35/-0.5/-0.6 db top 1000db/mid-range/4000db

            from pre- to post-cruise calibration

        warm cal: shifted +0.3 top 1000db/mid-range and no change at bottom

        Correction used:  average pre-/post-cruise cold and warm P calibs

 

      (T2) Temperature Sensor s/n 17534 (Rosemount PRT):

        T Calibs: May 1999/Oct.1999

          +0.0007 deg.C at 0 deg.C, +0.0002 deg.C at 11 and 30 deg.C

            from pre- to post-cruise calibration

        Correction used:  equally weighted May + Dec. 1999 Tcals

          (same #pts at each level, same # of levels) - then averaged

 

      (C2) Conductivity Sensor s/n O24 (GO):

        Calibrated to bottle salts taken during cruises (HNRO7+KH36 used same

          sensors for this CTD, Cond. corrections determined in tandem)

        1. For each cruise, generated first-order dC(C) fits with a (4,2)

            std.dev. rejection using Bottle-CTD Cond. differences outside

            the high gradient areas (used pressures < 25 db or > 200 db).

            This omitted most of the high-gradient bottle-CTD scatter.

            Also, numerous KH36 casts were omitted from these fits because

            their down-up CTD differences were more than +/-0.0015 mS/cm.

        2. An average of the coefficients for HNRO7 and KH36 (from the dC(C)

            fits done in step 1) was applied to both data sets, then

            residual offsets were plotted and checked.

        3. Offsets seemed to slowly but steadily increase within each leg.

            For each cruise, generated and applied a first-order fit of

            the residual Conductivity offsets, using only differences

            below 400db with a (4,2) std.dev. rejection.  Additionally,

            a few large bottle-CTD differences were manually omitted

            from these fits. 

        4. Offsets were then manually adjusted from the smoothed values

            based on deep theta-salinity consistency.  Numerous Autosal

            runs were disregarded because of standardization issues caused

            by instrument problems and operator inexperience (frequent

            standard dial changes and drifts on many stations, espec. the

            first 20 stations of KH36).  If the CTD data were consistent

            before adjustment, they were generally not shifted apart merely

            to match bottle data.  Some data were shifted due to down vs.

            up cast differences (down cast CTD data are reported, but

            bottles are compared to up cast CTD data at the time of the

            bottle trips.)

        5. A residual pressure-dependent slope was quite apparent at this

            point.  A first-order dC(P) fit was determined for each cruise,

            based only on differences deeper than 250 db and using a (4,2)

            std.dev. rejection.  (Thermocline and surface bottles, often

            also in high gradients, distorted the fits, so only deeper

            pressures were used.)

        6. The HNRO7 and KH36 dC(P) coefficients from step 5 were averaged

            together, and then applied to CTD-5 data from both cruises.

            The dC(P) and dC(C) coefficients were both used, with the

            two Conductivity offsets added together.

        7. Deep Theta-Salinity overlays of 8 consecutive casts, as well

            as non-consecutive stations in close proximity to each

            other based on position and/or depth, were checked for

            consistency.

B.2. Salinity analyses: Carl Mattson (SIO/ODF)

SALINOMETER TYPES SERIAL NUMBERS

Guildline 8400A Autosal 55-503
Guildline 8400A Autosal 48-263

WORMLEY standard water used:

Batch P-134
203 vials used
2 bad vials

Comments:

Autosals were configured for computer-aided measurement. The data were acquired on a PC.

#48-263 stations 1-113 24 deg bath temp

B.3. Oxygen water sample analyses: Carl Mattson and Ron Patrick (SIO/ODF)

Oxygens were run on all stations using a Dosimat UV-endpoint detection automatic titration system.

Comments:

No major problems, hardly any problems.
The titrator employed a Brinkman Dosimat 665 automatic burette and an Ultraviolet detection system interfaced with a PC for data acquisition and control.

B.4. Nutrient analyses: Carl Mattson and Doug Masten (SIO/ODF)

Nutrients were measured on all stations using a Technicon AA-II CFA system with a PC based acquisition system. Nutrients measured - NO2, NO3, PO4, SIO3.

Comments:

The system performed well with few problems. Data were reviewed by analysts and transferred to the processing computer for integration with other water sample data.

B.5. Chlorofluorocarbon measurements: Mark Warner and DongHa Min (UW)

The measurement of chlorofluorocarbons, CFC-11 and CFC-12, in seawater and the overlying atmosphere during the JES expedition (Hahnaro 7) were made using standard analytical techniques. The analysis was based upon the purge-and-trap technique described by Bullister and Weiss (1988) with a few modifications. The same volume of water for every sample was purged through the use of a glass sample chamber with a calibrated volume. Ultra high purity nitrogen (99.999% pure) was used as the carrier gas. (An analysis of the CFC content found less than 1 part per trillion of both CFC-11 and CFC-12). A Hewlett- Packard 5890-II gas chromatograph with electron capture detector was used to detect the CFCs. The analog output (voltage) of the detector was converted to a digital signal by a Hewlett-Packard 35900E and the digital chromatograms analyzed on a Sun Sparcstation LX using software developed by Peter Salameh for the AGAGE program. The results are reported on the SIO 1993 scale using a calibrated standard gas cylinder (#39765).

Only minor analytical difficulties were encountered during the cruise. The water sample is introduced into the sparging chamber through the glass frit. After Station 8, the stripping chamber was replaced due to the frit having become clogged with particles (probably from previous measurements of estuarine waters with high sediment loads). This greatly improved the flow through the stripping chamber and hence the efficiency with which gases were sparged from the sample. The sensitivity of the detector to an injection of a calibrated volume of the standard gas was steady during the cruise with a standard deviation of +/-0.90% for CFC-12 and +/-1.31% for CFC-11. Calibration curves were prepared while in port in Pusan and additional points were added to the curves during the course of the expedition. These additional points fitted the initial curve so that one calibration curve could be used for the entire 23 days.

The CFC concentrations in approximately 1220 seawater samples were analyzed during the expedition. Samples were collected from 111 of the 112 stations with the typical sampling strategy of alternating casts with complete coverage of the water column (16 to 20 samples) and casts where only 6 to 10 samples were collected at target depths (usually the bottom or the East Sea Intermediate Water layer). Of these 1220 samples, approximately 40 were duplicates from the same Niskin to establish the measurement precision. The shipboard measurements have been merged into the .SEA files. The precision appears to meet or exceed WOCE standards (standard deviation of 1.5% or 0.005 pmol/kg, whichever is greater). Surface CFC concentrations are at or slightly above the expected values based on Warner and Weiss (1985) solubilities. Since there are CFCs throughout the entire water column, the typical method of using the measured CFC concentrations in waters which should be CFC-free to estimate the sampling blank cannot be applied. Instead, the results of a experiment where CFC-free water in a Niskin, produced by bubbling nitrogen through the sample, is allowed to sit. By measuring the change in CFC concentration with time, the amount of contamination due to desorption can be estimated.

In preparation for the collection of samples during the expedition of the Professor Khromov, seawater samples were also collected in glass ampoules and flame-sealed for later analysis at the University of Washington. Ampoule samples were collected from 137 bottles immediately after the syringe sample for shipboard analysis was drawn. We plan for the Russians to collect approximately 700 samples during the Khromov trip. The comparison of the ampoules and shipboard measurements from this expedition will be critical to our interpretation of the stored samples.

The atmospheric concentrations of the CFCs were determined at 20 locations and times during the cruise. Air samples were pumped from the bow through Decabon tubing to the analytical system. The measured atmospheric concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 both decreased with increasing latitude. The mean and standard deviations for the atmospheric CFC concentrations (in ppt) are:

CFC-11: 256.5 +/- 5.3
CFC-12: 538.8 +/- 8.3
CFC-113: 81.5 +/- 2.4

B.6. Alkalinity and pH: Pavel Tischenko (POI) and Dong-Jin Kang (SNU)

B.6.a. Pacific Oceanological institute (Pavel Tishchenko)

Samples were collected and analyzed for pH and alkalinity from every station. The methods and results of a comparison with the SNU system are described in B.6.c.

B.6.b. Seoul National University (Dong-Jin Kang)

Samples were collected and analyzed from 15 stations for comparison with the POI analysis. The methods and results are described in B.6.c.

B.6.c. Intercomparison of Alkalinity and pH measurements between SNU and POI: Preliminary Report (Dong-Jin Kang and Pavel Tischenko)

Introduction

The carbonate system in seawater is one of the most complex topics in oceanography. More recently the fate of fossil fuel CO2 in the ocean has promoted interests in the study of carbonate chemistry in the ocean. The biogeochemical cycle of CO2 in the ocean is controlled by its special pumping mechanism such as solubility, biological, carbonate, and dynamic pumps (Volk and Hoffer, 1985; Sarmiento et al., 1995). Among these pumps, dynamic pump is strongly related with circulation and/or ventilation of seawater. In order to quantify the dynamic pump, precise understanding the distribution of CO2 parameters is essential.

Four CO2 parameters can be measured, which are total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT), total alkalinity (TA), fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), and total hydrogen ion concentration (pH). These are used together with ancillary information to obtain a complete description of the carbonate system in seawater. It is only necessary to know two parameters from the four above to have a complete description of the system (Park, 1969; Skirrow, 1975). TA and pH are usually chosen since their procedures are simple to be carried out on board.

There are several methods to determine TA and pH in seawater. Methods for TA determination are single point titration, open-cell potentiometric titration, closed-cell potentiometric titration, colorimetric titration and so on. Potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods are used for pH determination in seawater.

The potentiometric titration measuring EMF in a closed cell ( Dickson, 1981; Bradshaw and Brewer, 1988; Millero et al., 1993; DOE, 1994) and s pectrophotometry using an indicator dye are, in general, accepted as modern analytical methods for the measurement of TA in seawater, respectively. Although it is considered that these methods give accurate information on the carbonate chemistry of seawater, those have some disadvantages when those are carried out on board. As for pH, the spectrophotometric performance of the instrument is not easy on board, which is one of the most important factors for precise determination of pH (DOE, 1994). It takes long time to analysis TA since the electrode needs times to adjust to changing EMF.

Seoul National University (SNU) uses spectrophotometry and closed-cell potentiometric titration for pH and TA measurements, respectively. The potentiometric pH measurement and direct colorimetric titration for TA are used by Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI).

On board intercomparison study was carried out during the Hahnaro-7 expedition on the East/Japan Sea. Around 130 seawater samples from surface to more than 3000 m depth were analyzed by both methods. The preliminary results are reported in here.

Methods and Materials

Total Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)

SNU used spectrophotometry using m-cresol purple as an indicator dye (Clayton and Byrn, 1993). The absorbances of seawater and sea water with dye are measured at three wavelengths (434, 578, and 730 nm) which are corresponding to the absorption maxima of acid (434 nm) and base (578 nm) forms of the dye and a non-absorbing wavelength (730 nm). The pH values are calculated from the absorbance of seawater and seawater + dye at three wavelength using the following equation.

A1 and A2 are the corrected absorbances measured at the wavelengths of 578 and 434 nm, respectively. pK2 is the acid dissociation constant for the species HI- which is a function of salinity and temperature (in K);

The various extinction coefficient ratios for m-cresol purple are as follows:

epsilon1(HI-)/ epsilon2(HI-) = 0.0069

epsilon1(I2-)/ epsilon2(HI-) = 2.222

epsilon2(I2-)/ epsilon2(HI-) = 0.133

All SNU data reported here are averaged value of duplicate analysis. The average precision of duplicate analysis is 0.006 pH unit is one standard deviation.

POI used potentiometric measurement in a potential cell without liquid junction for pH measurements of seawater, since it was reported that unreproducibility and loss of accuracy of potentiometric pH measurement are caused by liquid junction potential (Tishchenko and Pavlova, 1999).

Glass-electrode-Na+

Test (standard) solution

H+-glass-electrode

(A)

The cell (A) was calibrated by T RIS-buffer (DelValls and Dickson, 1998) at 25 oC and pH is calculated by formula:

where E, mNa, and g Na are EMF, sodium ion molality and activity coefficient of sodium ion, respectively; subscript indices s, x denote standard and test solutions, respectively. Activity coefficients of sodium ion have been calculated by Pitzer method (Pitzer, 1992) and approximated by empirical formula below.

Properties of sodium ion as follows

(mNa)s = 0.44618

(g Na)s = 0.6412

where S is salinity; I is an ionic strength which calculated by equation

Shift of a standard EMF of the cell (A) was less then 0.5 mV/ per day. The precision of pH measurement by means of the cell (A) is about ± 0.004 pH unit.

Total Alkalinity (TA)

SNU used potentiometric titration measuring EMF in a completely closed cell (Millero et al., 1993). The system is composed by a motor driven piston burette (5 mL, scale ± 0.01 mL) with anti-diffusion tip, titration cell assembly, and personal 0.02 computer for controlling burette and data acquisition from pH meter. Orion double junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode and ROSS glass electrode are used as reference and EMF electrodes, respectively. The titration cell and burette piston are inco rporated with outer water jackets which constant temperature (25.0 +- 0.1C) water circulates through. The titration procedure is controlled by personal computer through serial ports. Total alkalinity is calculated by non-linear least squares approach method (Dickson, 1981; Johansson and Wedborg, 1982; DOE, 1994).

Total alkalinity is normalized by Dicksons CRMs (Batch #46) which are measured at every station. It take 40 to 50 minutes to complete titration including flushing. The average precision of duplicate analysis is 4.5 umol kg-1 in one standad deviation.

POI used Bruevich's Method. In Russia a determination of total alkalinity is direct colorimetric titration by hydrochloric acid in an open system using a mixed indicator (methylene blue and methyl red). The titration is carried out under flow of CO2-free air (or nitrogen). The change of the sample color from green to light-pink at the equivalence point is detected by visually. The pH at the end point is about 5.4-5.5. The method is well-known as Bruevich's method (Bruevich, 1944) and recommended as standard operating procedure among Russian oceanographers (The methods..., 1978). The titration procedure is presented below.

The acid (~0.03 N) is standardized daily with Dickson's CRM. The calibrated 0.04 volumetric pipette (25 mL) is used. Twenty-five milliliters of the primary standard is placed in a titration cell. Three drops of the mixed indicator are added and the sample is flushed with nitrogen for 3 min to remove all the carbon dioxide. CRM is then titrated with hydrochloric acid using Dosimat 665 motor driven piston burette (5 mL, scale ± 0.01 mL). The equivalence point of the titration is determined 0.02 colorimetrically. The solution color at the end point of the titration must be light pink and quite stable (no change for 1 min). Seawater samples are analyzed using the same procedure. Total titration time takes about 7 min. Alkalinity is calculated by formula

TA=NaVa/(Vsw dsw)

Here, Na, and Va, are normality and volume of acid, respectively; Vsw and dsw are volume and density of seawater. Estimated precision is about 0.2% (4 ~ 5 umol kg-1).

The both methods are summarized briefly in Table 1.

Table 1. Summary of the methods for total alkalinity (TA) and pH by Seoul National University (SNU) and Pacific Oceanography Institute (POI)

 

 

SNU

POI

TA

Cell type

Closed

Open

End Pt detection

EMF

Visual Indicator

Calculation

Non-linear Least Square < /TD>

Algebraic formula

Acid

~ 0.25 N HCl

~ 0.02 N HCl

Acid Std.

Na2CO3 and CRM

Na2CO3 and CRM

Precision

4.5 umol kg-1

4 ~ 5 umol kg-1

PH

 

Spectrophotometry

Using mCP

EMF

Without liquid junction

Precision

0.006

0.004

Materials

During the Hahnaro-7 expedition in the East(Japan) Sea from 24th June to 17th July, 1999, around 130 real seawater samples from the surface to more than 3500 m depth at 12 stations were used for intercomparison (Table 2).

 

Table 2. Locations, water depth (in meters), and number of samples of each station for intercomparison of total alkalinity and pH measurements between SNU and POI.

Sta. #

Latitude

Longitude

Depth

No. of Samples

4

34 49.9 N

130 11.9 E

124

7

13

36 12.0 N

132 27.6 E

1074

10

26

37 3.45 N

130 56.2 E

2207

7

41

37 53.7 N

129 44.1 E

1626

8

45

37 53.8 N

132 41.8 E

2530

11

57

40 50.0 N

134 00.0 E

3530

13

58

41 10.0 N

136 20.0 E

3450

13

72

37 11.0 N

135 32.1 E

1739

13

77

38 38.0 N

136 00.0 E

2725

12

80

39 59.8

138 00.1 E

2420

11

95

42 0.00 N

138 00.0 E

3585

13

108

43 47 N

138 50 E

2970

?

Results

Total Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH). The pH values of two laboratories are in a good agreement (Fig. 1). However, the slope between two data sets is about 5 % greater than equivalence (pHPOI = 1.056 x pHSNU - 0.479, r2=0.991). The differences between two are almost within 0 +- 0.1 when pH value is higher than 7.8 with some exceptions. While, in the case of smaller pH values than 7.8, the differences increase linearly as pH values decrease. It becomes about 0.35 at pH value of 7.5 (Fig. 2). This difference (0.35) is not negligible compared with precisions of both methods (0.004 ~ 0.006). Since typical profile of pH in the region (East/Japan Sea) shows around 7.5 of pH from 200 ~ 300 m depth to the bottom (Fig. 3), it can be said that there are differences in vertical distributions between two methods. The reason of the difference is to be studied carefully in the future.

Total Alkalinity (TA). Normalized total alkalinity (NTA = TA x 35/S; S represents salinity) values of two laboratories show linear relationship, in general. How ever, it is seemed that there is a systematic difference between two methods (Fig. 4). POI values (open cell) are smaller to about 5 ~ 10 umol kg-1 than SNU values (closed cell). In the PICES WG13 intercomparison workshop, which was held at Tsukuba, Japan in April, 1999, the closed system shows higher values and open system shows lower than mean values for samples of high pCO2 concentration. This study gives coincident results with those of the PICES intercomparison workshop.

The differences between two methods increase as NTA increases until NTA reaches around 2330 ~ 2340 umol kg-1, and then it can be said that the differences keep constant in the range of NTA higher than 2340 umol kg-1 (Fig. 5). From the vertical profiles, NTA of this range is found within 100 and 500 m (Fig. 3), which is similar with the depth which shows constant pH differences.

The causes of the differences between two methods will be studied carefully in the future.

References

Bruevich C.V. 1944. Determination alkalinity of small volumes of seawater by direct titration. In: Instruction of chemical investigation of seawater. Glavsevmorput, M.-L., 83p.

Clayton, T.D. and R.H. Byrn, 1993. Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements: total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol peurple and at-sea results. Deep-Sea Res., 40: 2115-2129.

DOE, 1994. Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various parameters of the carbon dioxide system in sea water. Version 2, A.G. Dickson and C. Goyet eds., ORNL/CDIAC-74

Dickson, A.G., 1981. An exact definition of total alkalinity and a procedure for the estimation of alkalinity and total inorganic carbon from titration data. Deep-Sea Res., 28A; 609-623.

Ivanenkov V., O, Bordovsky, 1978. The methods of hydrochemical investigation of the ocean. 271p. Nauka, Moscow, (in Russian).

Johansson, O. and M. Wedborg, 1982. On the evaluation of potentiometric titrations of seawater with hydrochloric acid. Oceanol. Acta, 5: 209- 218.

Millero, F.J., J.-Z. Zhang, K. Lee, and D.M. Campbell, 1993. Titration alkalinity of seawater. Mar. Chem., 44: 153-166.

Park, K., 1969. Oceanic CO2 system: an evaluation of ten methods of investigation. Limnol. Oceanogr., 14: 179-186.

Pitzer K.S. Ion interaction approach: Theory and data correlation.// Activity coefficients in electrolyte solutions. 2nd Edition/ K.S.Pitzer Ed. Roca Raton Ann Arbor Boston London: CRC Press, 1991. p.75-153.

Sarmiento, J.L., R. Murnane, and C.Le.Quere, 1995. Air-sea CO 2 transfer and the carbon budget of the North Atlantic. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 348: 211-219.

Skirrow, G., 1975. The dissolved gases-carbon dioxide. In Chemical Oceanography, v. 2, J.P. Riley and G. Skirrow eds., 1-912.

Tishchenko P.Ya. and G. Yu. Pavlova, 1999. Standardization of pH measurements of seawater by Pitzer's method. In: CO2 in the Oceans, Extended Abstracts, Tsukuba.

Volk, T. and M.I. Hoffert, 1985. Ocean carbon pumps: Analysis of relative strength and efficiencies in ocean-driven atmospheric CO2 changes. In The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2: natural variations archean to present, E.T. Sundquist and W.S. Broecker eds., 99-110.

Figures (SNU)

Figure 1. A plot of pH values from SNU and POI. The units are in total hydrogen ion scale (THIS).

Figure 2. A plot of pH differences between two methods vs. pH values of SNU. The units are same as Fig. 1.

Figure 3. Vertical distributions of pH and normalized total alkalinity (NTA) for all stations. The units of NTA are in umol kg-1. The depths are from the wire out data.

Figure 4. A plot of normalized total alkalinity (NTA) values from SNU and POI. The units are same as Fig. 3.

Figure 5. A plot of NTA differences between two methods vs. NTA values of SNU. The units are same as Fig. 3.

B.7. Noble Gas and Tritium Sampling: Clare Postlethwaite (SOC)

280 water samples from 22 stations, located mainly in the deepest parts of the basins and also in the straits, were collected for noble gas and tritium analysis. Water samples were collected from the rosette in 15mm diameter copper tube for analysis of helium, neon, argon and possibly krypton and xenon. The copper tube was cold sealed and the samples were packed safely for later analysis. All noble gas samples were collected in duplicate and several samples were collected in quadruplicate. The noble gas measurements will help to quantify the influence that the seasonal sea ice in the Tatarskiy Strait has on water mass formation in the Japan/East Sea.

Samples for tritium analysis were collected concurrently to the noble gas samples so that tritium/helium dating is possible. These samples were collected in one litre glass bottles that had been pretreated by heating to 200 degrees centigrade in an argon atmosphere. During sampling the bottles were not rinsed and a head space was left. These samples were also packed for later analysis at the Noble Gas Laboratory at the University of Southampton, U.K.

B.8. Oxygen Isotope Sampling: Clare Postlethwaite (SOC)

100 water samples from 11 stations were collected in 300ml glass bottles for the analysis of oxygen isotopes. The glass bottles had been treated in the same way as those for tritium analysis. The stations chosen for the noble gas and tritium analysis as the volumes of water taken in the samples may be sufficient to allow both tritium and oxygen isotope analysis from both the 1 litre and 300 ml bottles thereby providing more data.


B.9. Other SNU sampling (helium, tritium, D-14, Del 18O, SF6): Dong-Jin Kang (SNU)

Samples for other tracers were collected for SNU. The numbers of stations for each tracer are 9 for helium and tritium, 6 for C-14, 23 for Del 18O of water, and 1 for SF6. All of these will be measured in the laboratory. Helium and tritium will be determined by noble gas mass spectrometer after series of pretreatment. C-14 will be measured by Accelerating Mass Spectrometer from CO2 extracted in seawater. Del 18O will be analyzed using stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. SF6 will be measured by GC/ECD.

B.10. Underway pCO2 measurements: Dong-Jin Kang, Doshik Hahm (SNU)

B.10.a. pCO2 measurements. Continuous measurements of pCO2 in surface water and marine air were made with a laboratory made system. The system is composed with an NDIR (Licor LI-6252), valve sets, and Weiss type equilibrator. The system is controlled and data are acquired at every second by laboratory made program in LabVIEW on a PC. Two kinds of standard gas were measured every day. Marine air and equilibrated air with surface seawater were measured alternatively was measured at every other cycle of marine and equilibrated air.

B.10.b. Thermosalinograph measurements. Salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at every minute with Seabird thermosalinograph (SBE 21) with Wet Lab fluorometer. The location was recorded at every minute with GPS (Trimble NT100). The temperature and conductivity sensors were calibrated two months before the cruise by manufacturer.

B.10.c. Underway chlorophyll sampling. To calibrate the fluorometer, chlorophyll samples were taken every 12 hours. About 4 liters of samples were collected from the outlet of fluorometer, and filtered immediately using GF/F. After more than 24 hour extraction with 90 % acetone, chlorophyll concentration was determined by Turner design fluorometer by Dr. G. Mitchell.

B.11. Acoustic doppler current profiling (ADCP): Lynne Talley (SIO) and Peter Hacker (U. Hawaii)

B.11.a. Lowered ADCP.

A 150 KHz RD Instruments acoustic doppler current profiler was integrated with the CTD/rosette package. The LADCP makes direct current measurements at the depth of the CTD, thus providing a full profile of velocity. The LADCP was used at every station. The shipboard data acquisition system for the LADCP permits data acquisition on a laptop PC and very preliminary processing on a small Sparc workstation. When the data set is returned to SIO and the U. of Hawaii, preliminary processing will determine if the data set is useful for processing. Criteria include the presence of scatterers in the water column and good data profiles. Assuming that the data set is useful, data processing will be carried out by Scripps and U. Hawaii researchers.  Preliminary profiles plotted from the LADCP at sea indicate that the data set looks promising and useful. (Talley group at SIO; Hacker/Firing group at U. Hawaii).

B.11.b. Underway ADCP.

ADCP data were recorded by the Revelle computer system. Rudimentary processing was carried out during the cruise to ensure that data files were complete. Preliminary checks suggest that no data were recorded for the interval between CTD stations 57 and 58.

B.12. Meteorology: R/V Revelle (Talley; SIO)

IMET data were recorded at 30 sec intervals on the ship's underway system.   Final data can be accessed from website of Robert Beardsley and Richard Limeburner http://www.whoi.edu/science/PO/japan_sea, under Ship-based Met Measurements.

Sensors: Air Temp, RH, Barometric pressure, SWR, LWR, Precipitation, Wind Speed/Direction, Sea Surface Temperature/Conductivity. Data merged with Ships navigation, gyro and time server.

B.13. Navigation: R/V Revelle (Talley; SIO)

Navigation was recorded from both a P-code GPS and an Ashtech GPS. The P-code recorded data were corrupted for the period July 7, 1999 at 1043 to July 7, 1999 at 2356. Positions were restored from the Ashtech GPS for this period for the data file that was distributed at the conclusion of the cruise. There was apparently no problem with the real-time positions displayed on the bridge and in the lab, and so the station positions are correct.

B.14. Bathymetry: R/V Revelle (Talley; SIO)

Underway bathymetry from the center return of the Revelle's Seabeam was recorded and stored for use with the vertical sections. Bathymetry from the Knudsen echosounder was also recorded, and was used to restore portions of the Seabeam bathymetry which were not recorded. These include the Tsushima Strait section (stations 1 to 7) and the segment between stations 27 and 29, at times 990629 0453, June 29 to 0939, June 29. The Knudsen echosounder also was not functioning for a portion of the missing Tsushima Strait section and so detailed underway bathymetry is not available for this portion.

B.15. Video Plankton Recorder (VPR): Carin Ashjian (WHOI)

We described aspects of the biological oceanography of the Japan/East Sea, in particular how plankton communities and abundances changed in the different hydrographic regimes. Our research had three primary objectives: 1) To characterize the zooplankton community of the Japan Sea in terms of taxonomic composition and size structure, 2) To characterize the scales of variability of the zooplankton over distances from centimeters to hundreds of kilometers, and 3) to determine the relationship between zooplankton taxa and associated environmental variables over scales from centimeters to hundreds of kilometers. To achieve these goals, we conducted a survey of the southern Japan Sea using the Video Plankton Recorder. The Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) is essentially an underwater microscope which images plankton at two different magnifications. The instrument is mounted on a V-fin which was towed behind the ship, undulating between the surface and a selected depth. Video images and associated hydrographic and biological data are transmitted from the towed vehicle to the ship via fiber optic cable. In-focus images of plankton are extracted from the video and identified to taxa in real time. Plankton abundances and hydrography are plotted in real time.

During the survey of the JES, we towed the VPR at ~9 knots between all CTD stations along the transect lines. We sampled over a total distance of 356 2 kilometers and collected and processed over 240 hours of video and associated data. The instrument sampled between near surface and 80 m for much of the survey with an inter- profile distance of ~7 kilometers.

In addition to the plankton images, we collected pressure, temperature, conductivity, fluorescence, light transmission, and ambient light data as well as logging P-Code GPS position and time (UTC) and Knudsen Echo Sounder depth. Real-time plots of hydrographic (T, S, density) and biological (fluorescence, light transmission, unidentified copepods, diatom chains, and Oithona) showed strong vertical structure in plankton distributions that were associated with the physical environment (e.g., thermocline) and regional differences in the type and abundance of plankton.

Future analyses will include: 1) describing the size distribution of taxa, 2) quantifying associations between different taxa and between taxa and environmental conditions, 3) examining the scale of variability of the distributions of zooplankton taxa, and4) incorporating instantaneous velocity measurements collected with the shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler to estimate of flux of plankton between different hydrographic regions and in and out of the JES.

B.16. Plankton net tows: Carin Ashjian and Cabell Davis (WHOI)

We conducted 15 plankton tows using a 1-m2 (mouth area), 150 B5m mesh ring net towed obliquely between the surface and 80 m. Initial inspection of the samples indicated strong variation in taxonomic composition between the different regions. The plankton samples assisted us in identifying exotic taxa that were seen in the video images.

B.17. Bio-optical studies: Greg Mitchell (SIO)

There are three primary goals of the work:

1. Calibration and validation of SeaWiFS Ocean Color satellite. Above water spectral reflectance and atmospheric optical depth was collected with a SIMBAD hand-held radiometer during day-time CTD profiles. The SIMBAD views the ocean surface from above, and the direct beam of the sun to derive spectral reflectance. This above-water optics was supported by water samples including preparations for chlorophyll a, HPLC pigments, absorption by particles and soluble material, particulate organic carbon and inorganic minerals.

2. Parameterizations of ocean attenuation and chlorophyll specific absorption for ocean photosynthesis models. Samples were collected within the euphotic zone, as determined by Secchi Depth, to characterize both particle and soluble absorption coefficients. The particulate material was partitioned to phytoplankton and detrital components using methanol extraction and difference spectroscopy. Chlorophyll-specific phytoplankton absorption coefficients will be used for photosynthesis models. The total particle and soluble absorption will be used to model spectral attenuation coefficients of the euphotic zone.

3. Application of beam attenuation coefficient as an augmentation to CTD hydrographic profiles for determining water mass structure and circulation. Red and blue wavelength beam attenuation meters (transmissometers) are integrated with the SIO CTD system and data were collected for all CTD profiles. Water samples through out the full depth of the profiles were collected from selected stations and selected depths to characterize particulate organic carbon, particle and soluble absorption, and presence of different mineral components. Attenuation coefficients will be correlated to vertical structure in hydrographic parameters including oxygen, nutrients, salinity and temperature.

Typical station plan Water from the CTD Rosette system was collected for the surface and selected depths for selected stations (usually daytime only stations to support SIMBAD and SeaWiFS). Water was prepared by vacuum filtration in the lab. Absorption samples were analyzed on the ship. Other samples have been stored in liquid nitrogen for return shipment to SIO for analysis.. Mineral optics water samples were preserved with glutaraldehyde in glass bottles for return shipment to SIO.

Equipment

Wet Labs Cstar beam attenuation meter (red) CST-245DR
Wet Labs Cstar beam attenuation meter (blue) CST-244DB
Varian Cary 1E UV/Visible spectrophotometer 95061306
Univ. Lille SIMBAD ocean reflectance radiometer 972308

C. Distribution of data and samples to groups other than originating principal investigators

CTD data: Pavel Tischenko (POI), Vladimir Luchin (FERHRI) (7/18/99)

Water sample data (salinity, oxygen nutrients, CFCs, alkalinity, pH): Pavel Tischenko (POI), Vladimir Luchin (FERHRI), Lynne Talley (SIO), Mark Warner (UW), DongHa Min (UW), Clare Postlethwaite (SOC), Dong-Jin Kang (SNU) (7/18/99)

Lowered ADCP data: Pavel Tischenko (POI), Vladimir Luchin (FERHRI) (7/18/99)

Underway meteorology (IMET) and surface temperature/conductivity, bathymetry, navigation: Pavel Tischenko (POI), Vladimir Luchin (FERHRI), Carin Ashjian (WHOI), Dong-Jin Kang (7/18/99)

Underway ADCP data: Carin Ashjian (WHOI) (7/18/99)

pCO2 data: to be processed and distributable by 1/1/00.

Appendix A: CTD data quality comments

## HNRO7 notes:

 

071/02  hit bottom after bottle trip; truncated pseq data before hit

 

076/01  stopped approx. 2650m down to clear fouled Csensor: brought back up approx 50m

         (bad data started at 2606db, reversed at 2680db/back to 2619db, then down)

       solution: cut out original/fouled section and reverse/up part of yoyo

         included un-fouled second down.  Data missing from yoyo-back segment

         (2606-2618db) filled by interpolation during pressure sequencing.

 

## Pressure levels interpolated (missing data, or omitted instabilities at surface):

 

 004/01     40 db

 007/01      0 db

 009/02      0 db

 012/02      0 db

 015/01      0 db

 016/02      0 db

 018/01      0 db

 029/01      0 db

 030/01      0 db

 031/01      0 db

 048/01      0 db

 051/01      0 db

 076/01      26-28,2606-2618 db

 087/02      32 db

 093/01      0,16-22 db

 095/01      16 db

 096/01      0 db

 097/01      14-18 db

 098/02      0 db

 101/01      28-38 db

 108/01      18 db

 110/02      18-20 db

 111/01      22-24 db

 112/01      0,18 db

 113/01      0,20-22 db

   113 casts/49 levels interpolated

 

 

## Conductivity offsets:  OC = Offset Conductivity

 

025/01    0-2176 db   #OC +0.005 mS/cm      ## maxp = 2178

 

030/01 1350-1378 db   #OC +0.0015 mS/cm     ## maxp = 2352

 

033/02 1606-1610 db   #OC +0.003 mS/cm

033/02 1606-1614 db   #OC +0.002 mS/cm

033/02 1606-1642 db   #OC +0.0015 mS/cm

033/02 1606-1732 db   #OC +0.0015 mS/cm     ## maxp = 2180

 

052/01  500-546  db   #OC +0.0045 mS/cm     ## maxp = 546

 

057/01    0-1520 db   #OC -0.001 mS/cm      ## maxp = 3530

 

065/01 1202-1238 db   #OC +0.0005 mS/cm

065/01 1202-1288 db   #OC +0.0005 mS/cm

065/01 1202-1500 db   #OC +0.0085 mS/cm     ## maxp = 2262

 

083/01 1462-1492 db   #OC +0.0005 mS/cm

083/01 1462-1624 db   #OC +0.0005 mS/cm     ## maxp = 1624

 

093/01  876-914  db   #OC -0.0005 mS/cm

093/01  916-974  db   #OC +0.0005 mS/cm     ## maxp = 3676

 

094/02    0-1772 db   #OC -0.0015 mS/cm     ## maxp = 3694

 

097/01 1742-3630 db   #OC +0.0005 mS/cm     ## maxp = 3630

 

098/02  332-628  db   #OC -0.001 mS/cm      ## maxp = 3324

 

104/01    0-1328 db   #OC +0.004 mS/cm      ## maxp = 1328

 

105/01 1400-1454 db   #OC +0.001 mS/cm      ## maxp = 2142

 

106/02    0-800  db   #OC +0.0025 mS/cm

106/02    0-2610 db   #OC +0.0055 mS/cm     ## maxp = 2610

 

 

 

## winch stops/yoyos on down casts (not at surface or bottom of cast):

 

(stas 65 and 76 yoyos to clear fouled Conductivity sensor)

065/01 11 db yoyo (1501 back to 1490 db down; 3.5 mins.) ## maxp = 2262

076/01 60 db yoyo (2680 back to 2619 db down; 4.8 mins.) ## maxp = 2994

108/01 stop 1 min. at 324-328 db                        ## maxp = 3474

Appendix B: Bottle data quality comments

Japan East Sea

Summer 1999

R/V Roger Revelle  HNRO7

Bottle data quality comments

Contact:  Lynne D. Talley  ltalley@ucsd.edu

 

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Bottle Quality Comments

 

Remarks for deleted samples, missing samples, PI  data  com-

ments,  and  WOCE codes other than 2 from HNRO7 (HAHNARO Leg

7).  Investigation of data may include comparison of  bottle

salinity and oxygen data with CTD data, review of data plots

of the station profile and adjoining stations, and rereading

of  charts (i.e., nutrients).  Comments from the Sample Logs

and the results of ODF's investigations are included in this

report.   Units stated in these comments are degrees Celsius

for temperature, Practical Salinity Units for salinity,  and

unless otherwise noted, milliliters per liter for oxygen and

micromoles per liter for  Silicate,  Nitrate,  Nitrite,  and

Phosphate.   The first number before the comment is the cast

number (CASTNO) times 100 plus the bottle number (BTLNBR).

 

Station 001

 

Cast 1         CTD oxygen very noisy.  CTD  salinity  spikes

               in  strong T gradient.  Autosal bad, switched

               after run.

 

107            Delta-C  at  14db  is  0.0262.  Salinity   is

               33.769.   Sample  from  gradient  area,  salt

               analysis looks ok.

 

102            Sample Log: "NB2, air leak  before  venting."

               Salt  analysis  required 4 attempts.  Delta-C

               at 100db is 0.022. Footnote questionable.

 

Station 002

 

Cast 1         New CTD oxygen sensor installed  before  sta-

               tion.   CTD:  salinity  spikes.  Autosal bad,

               switched after run.

 

107            Salt  analysis  required  4  attempts;  Using

               first  value only.  Delta-C at 33db is .0053.

 

106            Salt much too  high,  delete  value  (qflg=4)

               ldt.   Original salt data deleted, not backed

               up in ORIG directory.

 

104            Salt  analysis  required  4  attempts;  Using

               first   value   only.   Delta-C  at  89db  is

               -0.0005.

 

101            Salt too high, in gradient, suspicious  (qflg

               = 3) ldt.  Delta-C at 132db is 0.0743. Salin-

               ity is 34.401.

 

Station 003

 

107            Salt low, in gradient, probably  OK  (qflg=2)

               ldt.  Delta-C at 28db is -0.0275. Salinity is

               33.997.  Salt analysis ok.

 

106            Salt high, in gradient, probably OK  (qflg  =

               2)  ldt.   Salt analysis required 4 attempts;

               value seems high.

 

105            Salt too low (in constant S layer) (qflg = 4)

               ldt.  Delta-C at 58db is -0.0942. Salinity is

               34.223.

 

104            Delta-C  at  78db  is  -0.0398.  Salinity  is

               34.311.  Salt analysis ok.

 

Station 005

 

106            Salt  high, but in gradient, OK (qflg=2) ldt.

 

105            Delta-C  at  72db  is  -0.0575.  Salinity  is

               34.406.   Salt  too low, should be like 104 &

               103. No notes. (qflg=4) ldt.

 

102            Salt sample drawn, but not analyzed.   Oxygen

               high  by  ~0.13ml/L;  no notes; no feature in

               other parameters

 

Station 006

 

Cast 1         Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.  Dou-

               ble samples collected for Mitchell First sam-

               ple fired well above bottom

 

217            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

214            O2 data sheet: "Oxy contaminated water, would

               not  titrate."   Delta-C  at 13db is -0.0277.

               Salinity is 34.221.  Salt analysis ok.   Sam-

               ple from gradient area.

 

215            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

213            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

212            Salt  low,  but in gradient, OK (qflg=2) ldt.

               Delta-C  at  28db  is  -0.0462.  Salinity  is

               34.407.

 

211            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

209            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

207            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

205            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

203            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

201            Oxygen  0.02-0.03  higher  than 202 & 204; no

               feature in other parameters for these bottles

               which are same.

 

Station 007

 

106            Salt  high, in gradient, probably OK (qflg=2)

               ldt.

 

105            Salt low, in gradient, probably  OK  (qflg=2)

               ldt.  Delta-C at 38db is -0.1277. Salinity is

               34.374.  Salt analysis ok.

 

103            Oxygen high by ~0.03ml/L vs other bottles  at

               same theta; no feature in other parameters

 

Station 008

 

111            O-ring  not  seated  properly."   Sample Log:

               "Bottle 11 air leak prior to venting,

 

110            Delta-C  at  14db  is  0.0509.  Salinity   is

               33.758.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample in gradi-

               ent area.

 

106            Delta-C  at  65db  is  -0.0871.  Salinity  is

               34.361.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample in gradi-

               ent area.

 

105            Delta-C  at  75db  is  -0.0313.  Salinity  is

               34.234.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample in gradi-

               ent area.

 

102            Salt analysis  required  4  attempts.   Using

               first   value  only.   Delta-C  at  104db  is

               0.0320. Salinity is 34.082.

 

Station 009

 

Cast 1         CTD: conductivity failed at about 270 m down-

               cast. Cast aborted.  CTD: cracked conductivi-

               ty sensor.

 

220            Delta-C at 2db is 0.4997. Salinity is 34.148.

               Salt analysis ok.

 

219            Delta-C   at  15db  is  0.1506.  Salinity  is

               34.148.  Salt analysis ok.

 

215            Delta-C  at  106db  is  0.1348.  Salinity  is

               34.358.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

213            Delta-C at 151db is 0.0238. Sample from  gra-

               dient area.  Salt analysis ok.

 

Station 010

 

124            Sample  Log: "Bottle 24 leaker (when stopcock

               pushed in & vent closed)."

 

109            Delta-C at  755db  is  -0.1446.  Salinity  is

               33.880.   Analytical  problems,  sample reran

               per log.

 

108            Delta-C at  856db  is  -0.1417.  Salinity  is

               33.883.   Analytical  problems,  sample reran

               per log.

 

Station 011

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.   Er-

               ror  was  made  with nutrient sample numbers.

               Duplicate samples were drawn from 24, but one

               was  assigned to 23.  Nutrient values deleted

               from NB23

 

221            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

220            Delta-C  at  55db  is  -0.0693.  Salinity  is

               34.294.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample taken from

               gradient area.

 

219            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 012

 

219            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.   Er-

               ror  was  made  with nutrient sample numbers.

               Duplicate samples were drawn from 20, but one

               was  assigned to 19.  Nutrient values deleted

               from NB19

 

218            Oxygen high; no notes; no  feature  in  other

               parameters.

 

217            Delta-C   at  55db  is  0.0359.  Salinity  is

               34.289.  Salt analysis ok. Overlays  well  w/

               same depth from Sta. 011.

 

Station 013

 

117            Delta-C  at  29db  is  -0.0691.  Salinity  is

               34.303.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from gradi-

               ent area.

 

116            Delta-C  at  69db  is -0.0229.  Salt analysis

               ok. Sample from gradient area.

 

113            Delta-C  at  130db  is  0.0358.  Salinity  is

               34.260.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from gradi-

               ent area.

 

105            Delta-C at 755 db is 0.0038, in  non-gradient

               area.

 

Station 014

 

108            Oxygen  looks  high by ~0.03ml/L vs other pa-

               rameters and CTDO trace; no notes Delta-C  at

               24db  is  0.0474. Salinity is 34.099.  Sample

               taken in gradient area.  Similar  feature  in

               sta. 016 at same depth.

 

104            Delta-C  at  144db  is  0.0775.  Salinity  is

               34.154.  Sample taken in gradient area. Simi-

               lar feature in Station 016 at same depth.

 

Station 015

 

108            Corrected  trip  file  8  was  reported as 7.

               Shipboard  processing  did  not  update  .bot

               file.

 

107            Corrected  trip  file  7  was  reported as 6.

               Shipboard  processing  did  not  update  .bot

               file.

 

106            DLOG  -  missed trip at 43.9dbar, values from

               .scr

 

105            Delta-C is -.0229.  Salt analysis ok.

 

Station 016

 

Cast 2         CTD: cast 1 optics. Some double  samples  for

               optics.  CTD: 01602.bot only 23 trips. Dupli-

               cated surface trip values for 23 + 24 in  h00

               file.

 

223            Samples   were  only  drawn  for  Bio-optics.

               Error was made with nutrient sample  numbers.

               Duplicate samples were drawn from 24, but one

               was assigned to 23.  Nutrient values  deleted

               from  NB23  Sample Log: "Optic samplers found

               N23 had smaller water volume than N19 and N21

               for  this  cast and a previous cast for which

               the sampler completely drained  the  untapped

               19,  21,  and  23."   Possibly tripped in the

               air?

 

221            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

219            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

202            Delta-C is 0.0031,in non-gradient area.  Salt

               analysis  ok.   Overlays well w/ sta. 017&019

               vs. theta.

 

Station 017

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.   Er-

               ror  was  made  with nutrient sample numbers.

               Duplicate samples were drawn from 24, but one

               was  assigned  to  23  and the other deleted.

               Nutrient values deleted  from  NB23  &  reas-

               signed to NB24

 

221            Delta-C  is  -0.0177.   Sample  from gradient

               area. Salt analysis ok.  000110 SRA

 

220            Sample Log: "Bottle 20 spigot  pushed  in  on

               boarding."   CTD:  only 23 trips. need to dup

               surface.  Delta-C at 88db is 0.0262. Salinity

               is 34.140.  Salt analysis ok.  Value overlays

               well w/ sta. 016  (vs  theta).   Salt  sample

               taken in gradient.

 

209            Delta-C  at  945db  is  0.0537.  Salinity  is

               34.067.  Salt  analysis  ok.  Value  overlays

               well  w/  sta. 016&018.  Salt sample taken in

               gradient.  000110 SRA.

 

Station 018

 

123            Delta-C  at  28db  is  0.0256.  Salinity   is

               34.168.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

122            Delta-C is -0.019. Salt  analysis  ok.   Salt

               sample from gradient area.

 

121            Salt  analysis  required  3  attempts,  using

               first value only.  Delta-C at 88db is  0.024.

               Sample from gradient area.

 

Station 019

 

123            Oxygen looks high vs other parameters and CT-

               DO

 

122            Delta-C  at  48db  is  -0.0467.  Salinity  is

               34.392.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

121            Oxygen looks high  vs  other  parameters  and

               CTDO.   Salt  analysis  required  5 attempts.

               Delta-C is -.0063.  Sample overlays well with

               Sta.  018 value from same theta and pressure.

 

120            Oxygen looks like duplicate of 119 and  looks

               low  vs  other parameters and CTDO Delta-C at

               149db is -.0243. Salt analysis ok.  Salt sam-

               ple from gradient area.

 

Station 020

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

220            Delta-C   at  20db  is  0.0312.  Salinity  is

               34.308.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from gradi-

               ent area.

 

221            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

219            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

216            Delta-C  at  40db  is  -0.0297.  Salinity  is

               34.402.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from gradi-

               ent area.

 

217            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 021

 

Cast  1         Sample  Log: "MIN tried new sampling instru-

               ment for Freon as an exercise."

 

Station 022

 

Cast 1         CTD: cast 2 was optics. Some  double  samples

               on  cast 1.  DLOG - 8 bottle trips in bot, 14

               bottles?  Edited  .bot  file  and  duplicated

               missing pressure levels.

 

113            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

114            Delta-C  at 3db is -0.05. Salinity is 33.699.

               Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gradient area.

 

111            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

109            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

107            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

105            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

103            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

101            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 023

 

109            Delta-C   at  3db  is  -0.0828.  Salinity  is

               33.930.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 024

 

102            Salt  analysis  required  3  attempts.  Using

               first value only.  Delta-C is 0.0014.

 

Station 025

 

120            Salt analysis  required  3  attempts.   Using

               first value only. Delta-C is 0.0132.

 

Station 026

 

101            Salt  analysis  required  3  attempts,  using

               first  value  only.   Delta-C  at  2189db  is

               0.0026, Salinity = 34.069.

 

Station 027

 

123            Sample  Log:  "N23  closed  in air."  Samples

               were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

122            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

120            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

118            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 028

 

Cast 2         Cast 1 was optics.  Some  double  samples  on

               cast 2.  CTD: Edited .bot file and duplicated

               missing press levels (~15,37,50). These  were

               bottles 18,16,14.

 

220            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

218            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

216            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

214            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

207            Salt  analysis  required  4  attempts.  Using

               first salt value  only.  Delta-C  is  0.0015.

               000112 SRA

 

Station 029

 

107            Sample  Log:  "On  N7  oxy  was  drawn  after

               ph/alk."

 

Station 030

 

124            Sample Log: "N24 leaking.  Tripped  in  air?"

               Oxygen  looks  high vs other parameters, CTDO

               and  nearby  stations.   Delta-C  at  3db  is

               6.7238.  Salinity  is  34.090.   CTS  code 4.

               Bottle salt overlays well with surface  value

               from STA.031 (vs theta).

 

Station 031

 

123            Salt  analysis  required  4 attempts (Delta-C

               was .0172) Using first value only, Delta-C is

               0.006.

 

102            Salt  analysis  required  4  attempts.  Using

               first  value  only.  Delta-C  at  2119db   is

               0.0002.

 

Station 032

 

123            Delta-C  at  22db  is  -0.0257.  Salinity  is

               34.320.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from gradi-

               ent area.

 

117            Deleted O2; bad.

 

110            Delta-C  at  1211db  is 0.0028. Value high vs

               other stations.

 

104            CTD: bottle 4 did not close. Hung on conduct-

               ing  cable at pylon.  Sample Log: "Bottle did

               not close."

 

103            CTD: NB3 looks like closed late.  Nuts,  oxy,

               salt, freon bad.

 

Station 033

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

222            Delta-C  at  28db  is  -0.0779.  Salinity  is

               34.225.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

220            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

218            Sample  Log:  "Oxy  on N18 - flask 1429 added

               2ml MnCl2, added NaOH-NaI too late.  Probably

               bad."   Oxygen  suspicious, could be slightly

               high.

 

215            Sample Log: "Oxy flask 1442 was broken.  Used

               flask 1381 for 2nd draw.

 

201            Delta-C  at  2179db  is  -0.0033. Salinity is

               34.065.  Salt analysis ok. Value ok vs nearby

               stations (vs theta).

 

Station 034

 

221            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

215            Data  sheet:  "overtitrate  - no end point" -

               looks OK though

 

207            Salt analysis  required  4  attempts.   Using

               first value only, Delta-C is 0.0011.

 

Station 035

 

118            Delta-C   at  9db  is  -0.0273.  Salinity  is

               33.968.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 036

 

101            PO4  higher  than  other  nutrients; peak odd

               shape.

 

Station 037

 

112            Sample Log: "Nuts tube 12 empty."  DLOG: nuts

               on 12 not drawn. Forgot.

 

Station 038

 

117            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

116            Delta-C  at  12db  is  -0.0408.  Salinity  is

               34.174.  Salt analysis ok.

 

115            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

111            No nutrient value this level; no notes;  NB13

               run twice so probably not drawn.

 

 

112            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

109            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

106            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 039

 

115            Delta-C   at  11db  is  0.0263.  Salinity  is

               34.200.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

109            Nutrients  higher  than  adjacent  Sta 040 at

               this level; O2 low.

 

108            Nutrients same as NB7; other parameters  look

               different.   NB7 nutrients look correct; pos-

               sible dupe draw?

 

Station 040

 

224            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.   Er-

               ror  was  made  with nutrient sample numbers.

               Duplicate samples were drawn from 23, but one

               was  assigned to 24.  Nutrient values deleted

               from NB24

 

222            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

220            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

212            Sample Log: " air leak on N12."

 

Station 041

 

Cast 1         CTD: drifter 15722 deployed after station. No

               details in log.

 

123            Delta-C  at  14db  is  -0.2184.  Salinity  is

               33.984.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from gradi-

               ent area.

 

121            Delta-C   at  50db  is  -0.027.  Salinity  is

               34.090.  Salt analysis ok.

 

108            Salt analysis  required  3  attempts.   Using

               first value only, Delta-C is 0.0007.

 

Station 042

 

123            Delta-C   at  23db  is  0.0841.  Salinity  is

               34.030.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 043

 

115            Delta-C at 201db is 0.0206. Salt analysis ok.

               Sample from gradient area.

 

110            Salt analysis  required  4  attempts.   Using

               first value only, Delta-C is -0.0009.

 

Station 044

 

124            Samples  were only drawn for Bio-optics.  Er-

               ror was made with  nutrient  sample  numbers.

               Duplicate samples were drawn from 23, but one

               was assigned to 24.  Nutrient values  deleted

               from NB24

 

122            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

120            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

118            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 045

 

223            Samples  were only drawn for Bio-optics.  Er-

               ror was made with  nutrient  sample  numbers.

               Duplicate samples were drawn from 24, but one

               was assigned to 23.  nutrient values  deleted

               from NB23

 

220            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

208            Sample  Log: "Changed MnCl2 dispenser at N8."

 

207            Sample Log: "Spigot pushed in on N7."

 

206            Salt analysis required  3  attempts  (Delta-C

               was 0.0028).  Using first value only, Delta-C

               is 0.0007.

 

Station 046

 

115            Sample Log: "N15 changed interior  spigot  O-

               ring after sampling."

 

111            O2 looks high vs other parameters.  Flag oxy-

               gen questionable.

 

Station 048

 

122            Delta-C  at  19db  is  -0.0289.  Salinity  is

               34.223.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

112            Nutrient sample tube empty. Sample not drawn.

               Forgot?

 

106            Salt  analysis  required  3  attempts.  Using

               first value only, Delta-C is 0.0012.

 

Station 049

 

118            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

119            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

116            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

114            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

112            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 050

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.   Er-

               ror  was  made  with nutrient sample numbers.

               Duplicate samples were drawn from 24, but one

               was  assigned to 23.  Nutrient values deleted

               from NB23

 

222            Delta-C  at  22db  is  -0.0352.  Salinity  is

               34.310.   Salt  value overlays well with Sta.

               051 vs theta.  Salt analysis ok.

 

220            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

205            Sample Log: "N5 leaking, vent not closed."

 

202            Delta-C at 1968db is  .0031.   Salt  analysis

               ok.  Salt value overlays well with other deep

               stations (056,059).

 

Station 054

 

121            Delta-C  at  40db  is  -0.0784.  Salinity  is

               34.004.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 055

 

123-124        Sample Log: N23 and N24 were not tripped.

 

Cast 1         CTD: winch stop at 2400m on way up.   Console

               op  noticed bottom trip had not confirmed and

               1st attempt at trip at 2400m failed  confirm.

               Carl  power  cycled pylon box and got to con-

               firm at 2400m.  CTD:  Tripping  problem.  Two

               bottom   levels   did   not  trip.  Fixed  in

               05501.bot file.  Preliminary CTD fit not cor-

               rect  for  this station.  CTD conductivity is

               approx. 0.015 low.  Bottle salts overlay well

               with other deep stations.

 

121            Delta-C at 19db is approx. -0.1.  Salt analy-

               sis ok.  Sample from gradient area.

 

Station 056

 

122            Delta-C  at  63db  is  0.0252.  Salinity   is

               34.046.  Salt analysis ok.

 

121            Delta-C   at  94db  is  0.0263.  Salinity  is

               34.059.  Salt analysis ok.

 

118            Oxygen looks high and  duplicate  of  119  vs

               other  parameters and CTDO; assume dupe draw.

 

Station 057

 

Cast 1         CTD: no confirm at initial  attempt  to  trip

               bottom  bottle.  Power  cycled Cast 2 was op-

               tics. some double samples on  cast  1.   CTD:

               Extra  bottom  levels  in  05701.bot removed.

               Preliminary CTD fit not correct for this sta-

               tion.   CTD  conductivity is approx. 0.015 to

               0.018 low.  Bottle salts  overlay  well  with

               other deep stations.

 

123            Samples   were  only  drawn  for  Bio-optics.

               Error was made with nutrient sample  numbers.

               Duplicate samples were drawn from 24, but one

               was assigned to 23.  Nutrient values  deleted

               from NB23

 

122            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 058

 

Cast  1         CTD:  no confirm at bottom bottle; power cy-

               cled pylon box, 2nd no confirm on bottom bot-

               tle.  Confirmation  on  4th  attempt.  Cycled

               power 3 times.  Preliminary CTD fit not  cor-

               rect  for  this station.  CTD conductivity is

               approx. 0.015 low.  Bottle salts overlay well

               with other deep stations.

 

Station 059

 

123            Delta-C   at  14db  is  0.0563.  Salinity  is

               33.966.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

101            Delta-C  at  3211db  is  -0.0025. Salinity is

               34.067.  Salt  analysis  ok.  Value  overlays

               well with nearby stations.

 

Station 060

 

123            Delta-C  at  18db  is  -0.0672.  Salinity  is

               33.948.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

111            Salt  analysis  required  3  attempts.  Using

               first value only, Delta-C is 0.0011.

 

110            Ssalt analysis required  3  attempts.   Using

               first value only, Delta-C is 0.0009.

 

Station 061

 

224            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

222            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

220            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

218            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

205            Salt analysis required 4 attempts, Delta-C at

               1513db is 0.0036.

 

204            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 062

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

220            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

218            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

216            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

213            Delta-C at  121db  is  -0.0255.  Salinity  is

               34.023.  Salt analysis ok.

 

Station 063

 

114            Salt  analysis  required  4  attempts.  Using

               first value only, Delta-C is 0.0024.

 

112            Salt analysis  required  3  attempts.   Using

               first value only, Delta-C is 0.0017.

 

Station 064

 

Cast  1         NO3 and PO4 look higher than nearby stations

               (079, 063 & 065); Especially in the deep  wa-

               ter;  F1s  higher this station as well; Could

               be working standard pipetting error.  PO4 had

               alot  of reruns this station, but reruns look

               OK.

 

120            Sample Log: "N20 spigot pushed in."

 

101-124        See Cast 1 nutrient comments; code NO3  ques-

               tionable.  See Cast 1 nutrient comments; code

               PO4 questionable.

 

Station 066

 

118            oxy in bottle 2 would not titrate. contamina-

               tion in sample.

 

Station 067

 

Cast  2         CTD:  cast 1 was optics. some double samples

               on cast  2.   Sample  Log:  "Sampling  jumped

               around, not simple 1 -> 24."

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

221            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

219            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

217            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

211-207        Sample Log: "N7 through N11 in sunshine."

 

Station 068

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

224            Delta-C at 3db is 0.0415. Salinity is 33.981.

               Salt analysis required  3  attempts.   Sample

               from gradient area.

 

221            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

222            Delta-C   at  26db  is  0.0321.  Salinity  is

               34.366.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

219            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

217            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

212            Sample Log: "N12 leaking. Open vent."

 

Station 069

 

113            Delta-C  at  22db  is  -0.0425.  Salinity  is

               34.267.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

107            Delta-C   at  98db  is  0.0416.  Salinity  is

               34.374.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

106            Delta-C  at  123db  is  0.0298.  Salinity  is

               34.197.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

104            Delta-C   at  178db  is  0.025.  Salinity  is

               34.100.  Salt analysis ok.

 

Station 070

 

117            Delta-C  at  3db  is  -0.0881.  Salinity   is

               33.933.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

118            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

115            Delta-C  at  17db  is  -0.0733.  Salinity  is

               34.390.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

116            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

114            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

112            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

110            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

108            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

102            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 071

 

Cast 2         CTD: cast 1 was optics. some  double  samples

               on  cast  2.  Probably touched bottom. Bottom

               bottle tripped 6m above bottom.

 

221            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

219            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

218            Delta-C  at  21db  is  -0.0536.  Salinity  is

               34.306.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

217            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

215            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

209            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

202            O2 looks  high  vs  other  parameters;  Check

               CTDO2 trace.

 

Station 072

 

112            Salt analysis required 5 attempts.  Value was

               too  high.   Using  first  salt  value  only.

               Delta-C at 606db is .0015.

 

Station 073

 

123            Delta-C   at  20db  is  0.0866.  Salinity  is

               34.432.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 074

 

123            Delta-C   at  14db  is  0.0312.  Salinity  is

               33.942.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

121            Delta-C  at  94db  is  -0.0361.  Salinity  is

               34.080.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 075

 

116            Delta-C  at  22db  is  -0.0526.  Salinity  is

               34.242.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

115            Delta-C   at  37db  is  -0.052.  Salinity  is

               34.467.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

106            CTD: Bottle 6 did not trip. bottle 6 did con-

               firm.  Sample Log: "N6 did not trip."

 

Station 076

 

Cast 1         CTD: cast 2 was optics. some  double  samples

               on  cast  1.  Downcast stopped about 2650m to

               clear fouled cond sensor.  Brought  up  about

               50m  then  continued  down.   [LDT - bad data

               starts @ 2606, reversed up at 2682, back down

               at 2681]

 

123            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

122            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

106            CTD Log: "bottle 6 did not trip. bottle 6 did

               confirm."  Sample Log: "N6 came up open."

 

105            Salt analysis required 3 attempts. Delta-C at

               2268db  was  0.003.   Using  first salt value

               only, Delta-C now 0.0015.

 

104            Sample Log: "N4 sampled by optics before tri-

               tium."

 

Station 077

 

223            Delta-C   at  29db  is  0.0704.  Salinity  is

               34.421.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 078

 

122            Delta-C  at  28db  is  -0.0506.  Salinity  is

               34.108.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 079

 

124            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

122            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

120            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 080

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

221            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

222            Delta-C   at  23db  is  0.0386.  Salinity  is

               34.183.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from gradi-

               ent area.

 

219            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

218            Delta-C at 98db is 0.025. Salinity is 34.093.

               Salt analysis ok. Sample from gradient  area.

 

Station 081

 

102            Oxygen  looks  high by ~0.03ml/L vs other pa-

               rameters and CTDO; no analytical notes

 

Station 082

 

123            Delta-C  at  19db  is  -0.0372.  Salinity  is

               34.170.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient.

 

122            Delta-C  at  44db  is  -0.0365.  Salinity  is

               34.171.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient.

 

Station 083

 

117            Delta-C at  197db  is  -0.0365.  Salinity  is

               34.084.

 

Station 084

 

124            Delta-C  at 3db is 0.085. Salinity is 32.453.

               Salt analysis ok.  Sample from strong  gradi-

               ent area.

 

124 CFC-11 at 3 db suspiciously low - check with Min

 

123            Delta-C   at  12db  is  0.2508.  Salinity  is

               33.120.   Salt  analysis  ok.   Sample   from

               strong gradient area.

 

122            Delta-C  at  27db  is  -0.0318.  Salinity  is

               33.991.   Salt  analysis  ok.   Sample   from

               strong gradient area.

 

120            Delta-C   at  83db  is  0.0251.  Salinity  is

               34.165.   Salt  analysis  ok.   Sample   from

               strong gradient area.

 

Station 085

 

122            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

120            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

    CFC-11 at 3 db suspiciously low - check with Min

 

117            Delta-C  at  37db  is  -0.0373.  Salinity  is

               34.115.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

118            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

116            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

112            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

110            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

108            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

106            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

104            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

102            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 086

 

104            Delta-C  at  30db  is  -0.0377.  Salinity  is

               34.170.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

103            Oxygen  looks  odd  vs  theta;  looks  low by

               ~0.2-0.3 ml/L vs other  parameters,  adjacent

               shallow  stations, and CTDO; however in shal-

               low water and temperature gradient  so  could

               be real; no notes; leave for now.

 

Station 087

 

213            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

211            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

209            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

206            Delta-C   at  43db  is  0.0445.  Salinity  is

               34.205.  Salt analysis required  3  attempts.

               Sample from gradient area.

 

207            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

205            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 088

 

107            Delta-C   at  23db  is  -0.062.  Salinity  is

               34.035.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 089

 

107            Delta-C at 17db is 0.045. Salinity is 34.188.

               Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gradient area.

 

105            Delta-C   at  42db  is  0.0287.  Salinity  is

               34.317.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 092

 

123            Delta-C   at  25db  is  0.0299.  Salinity  is

               34.014.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 093

 

124            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

122            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

120-121        Sample Log: "N20 and N21 spigots pushed in on

               boarding."

 

Station 094

 

224            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

222            Delta-C  at  21db  is  0.0413.  Salinity   is

               33.991.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample in gradi-

               ent area.

 

220-221        Sample Log: "N20 and N21 spigots pushed in on

               boarding.  They  were okay before cast. After

               cast, replaced  spigot  inner  O-rings  after

               sampling.

 

204            Delta-C  at  2931db  is  -0.0026. Salinity is

               34.065.  Appears slightly low compared to CTD

               cond.

 

202            Sample  Log: "Oxy sampling delayed on N2 (due

               to Helium tube problem)."

 

Station 095

 

123            Delta-C  at  10db  is  -0.0639.  Salinity  is

               33.996.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

113            Sample Log: "Not enough water in N3  and  N13

               for tritium sample."

 

103            Sample  Log:  "Not enough water in N3 and N13

               for tritium sample."

 

Station 097

 

123            Delta-C  at  17db  is  -0.0552.  Salinity  is

               34.036.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 098

 

224            Delta-C  at  3db  is  -0.0516.  Salinity   is

               34.021.  Salt analysis ok. Sample from gradi-

               ent area.

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

221            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

206            CTD Log: "Bottle 6 did not trip. bottle 6 did

               confirm."   Sample  Log:  "N6  came  up open.

               Third occurence."

 

Station 099

 

224            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

206            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 100

 

106            Sample Log: "N16 spigot pushed in  on  board-

               ing."

 

Station 101

 

109            SiO3 looks high; peak OK however.

 

101            PO4 looks high by ~0.04uM but peak OK;

 

Station 103

 

114            Salt  and  nutrients not samples on NB14.  No

               notes.

 

Station 104

 

Cast 1         Sample log was not filled in for salinity and

               nutrients.   Not certain what else could have

               been missed, there were salinities and nutri-

               ents drawn.

 

117            Salt  analysis  required 5 attempts.  Delta-C

               at 176db is -0.0071.

 

109-113        Sample Log: "Oxy draw temps  unsure  (out  of

               order) N9 -> N13."

 

106            Sample Log: "N6 vent open."

 

Station 105

 

124            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

120            Delta-C   at  46db  is  0.0305.  Salinity  is

               34.142.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

121            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

116            Salt  analysis  required  3  attempts.  Using

               first value only.  Delta-C at 263db is 0.0008

               (was 0.0027).

 

114            Salt  analysis  required  3  attempts.  Using

               first value only.  Delta-C at 404db is 0.0030

               (was 0.0041).

 

Station 106

 

223            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

221            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 107

 

120            Sample  Log:  "N20 spigot pushed in on board-

               ing. Replaced spigot collar ater cast,  might

               make  it less likely to rotate and open spig-

               ot."

 

104            Delta-C at  2582db  is  -0.003.  Salinity  is

               34.066.   Salt  analysis  ok.   Overlays well

               with Sta. 108/109

 

103            Delta-C at 2837db  is  -0.0037.  Salinity  is

               34.065.   Salt  analysis  ok.   Overlays well

               with Sta. 108/109

 

102            Delta-C at 3040db  is  -0.0029.  Salinity  is

               34.066.   Salt  analysis  ok.   Overlays well

               with Sta. 108/109

 

101            Delta-C at 3214db  is  -0.0034.  Salinity  is

               34.066.   Salt  analysis  ok.   Overlays well

               with Sta. 108/109

 

Station 108

 

123            Delta-C  at  31db  is  0.0658.  Salinity   is

               34.123.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

Station 109

 

122            Delta-C  at  54db  is  -0.0375.  Salinity  is

               34.076.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

119            Salt analysis  required  3  attempts.   Using

               first value only.  Delta-C at 246db is 0.0026

               (was 0.0037).

 

Station 110

 

224            Samples were only drawn for Bio-optics.

 

Station 111

 

105            Delta-C at 2534db  is  -0.0027.  Salinity  is

               34.066.   Salt  analysis ok.  Samples overlay

               well w/ Sta.110/112

 

103            Delta-C at 3145db  is  -0.0025.  Salinity  is

               34.067.   Salt  analysis ok.  Samples overlay

               well w/ Sta.110/112

 

102            Delta-C at  3451db  is  -0.003.  Salinity  is

               34.067.   Salt  analysis ok.  Samples overlay

               well w/ Sta.110/112

 

101            Delta-C at 3689db  is  -0.0029.  Salinity  is

               34.067.   Salt  analysis ok.  Samples overlay

               well w/ Sta.110/112

 

Station 112

 

123            Delta-C  at  31db  is  0.0356.  Salinity   is

               34.040.   Salt analysis ok.  Sample from gra-

               dient area.

 

112            O2 low, no obvious reason, possible dupe draw

               of  111, salt very slight indication of simi-

               lar problem, nothing in nuts indicating  leak

               or problem.

 

Station 113

 

123            Delta-C   at  3db  is  -0.0684.  Salinity  is

               33.828.  Salt analysis ok.  Sample from  gra-

               dient area.

 

123-115        O2  and  Nutrients  not drawn.  Test cast for

               new CTD sensor.

 

124            Samples were only drawn for Freon blanks.

 

111            Samples were only drawn for Freon blanks.

 

112            O2 and Nutrients not drawn.   Test  cast  for

               new CTD sensor.

 

113            No samples taken.

 

114            No samples taken.

 

106            Samples were only drawn for Freon blanks

 

107            O2  and  Nutrients  not drawn.  Test cast for

               new CTD sensor.

 

108            No samples taken.

 

109            No samples taken.

 

110            No samples taken.

 

102            Samples were only drawn for Freon blanks.

 

103            No samples taken.

 

104            No samples taken.

 

101            O2 and Nutrients not drawn.   Test  cast  for

               new CTD sensor.

105            No samples taken.